Punnett square

(noun)

a graphical representation used to determine the probability of an offspring expressing a particular genotype

Related Terms

  • heterozygous
  • monohybrid
  • homozygous

Examples of Punnett square in the following topics:

  • The Punnett Square Approach for a Monohybrid Cross

    • A Punnett square applies the rules of probability to predict the possible outcomes of a monohybrid cross and their expected frequencies.
    • A Punnett square, devised by the British geneticist Reginald Punnett, can be drawn that applies the rules of probability to predict the possible outcomes of a genetic cross or mating and their expected frequencies.To prepare a Punnett square, all possible combinations of the parental alleles are listed along the top (for one parent) and side (for the other parent) of a grid, representing their meiotic segregation into haploid gametes .
    • Because each possibility is equally likely, genotypic ratios can be determined from a Punnett square.
    • A self-cross of one of the Yy heterozygous offspring can be represented in a 2 × 2 Punnett square because each parent can donate one of two different alleles.
    • Punnett square analysis can be used to predict the genotypes of the F2 generation.
  • Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

    • Arranging these gametes along the top and left of a 4 × 4 Punnett square gives us 16 equally likely genotypic combinations.
    • These proportions are identical to those obtained using a Punnett square.
    • When more than two genes are being considered, the Punnett-square method becomes unwieldy.
  • Mendel's Law of Segregation

    • The equal segregation of alleles is the reason we can apply the Punnett square to accurately predict the offspring of parents with known genotypes.
  • Sex-Linked Traits

    • Punnett square analysis is used to determine the ratio of offspring from a cross between a red-eyed male fruit fly (XWY) and a white-eyed female fruit fly (XwXw).
  • Genetic Linkage and Violation of the Law of Independent Assortment

    • If you create the Punnett square with these gametes, you will see that the classical Mendelian prediction of a 9:3:3:1 outcome of a dihybrid cross would not apply.
  • Class Cubozoa and Class Hydrozoa

    • Class Cubozoa includes jellies that have a box-shaped medusa: a bell that is square in cross-section; hence, they are colloquially known as "box jellyfish."
    • The cubozoans contain muscular pads called pedalia at the corners of the square bell canopy, with one or more tentacles attached to each pedalium.
  • Population Size and Density

    • A quadrat is a square that encloses an area within a habitat.
    • The area may be defined by staking it out with sticks and string, or using a square made of wood, plastic, or metal placed on the ground.
    • A quadrat is a square frame of known area in which species of interest can be easily counted and measured.
  • Freshwater Biomes

    • Lakes and ponds can range in area from a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers.
  • The Phosphorus Cycle

    • One of the worst dead zones is off the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico, where fertilizer runoff from the Mississippi River basin has created a dead zone of over 8,463 square miles.
  • Productivity within Trophic Levels

    • For example, in the English Channel ecosystem, the primary producers account for a biomass of 4 g/m2 (grams per meter squared), while the primary consumers exhibit a biomass of 21 g/m2.
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