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Section 3

Writing in the Natural and Social Sciences: The Research Paper and the IMRAD Model

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Boundless Writing
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7 concepts
Principles of Writing in the Sciences

Scientific writing has two goals: to inform the reader of new developments in a specific field, and to address existing questions with new evidence.

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Overview of the IMRAD Model

The body of a scientific paper generally consists of the following sections: introduction (which may include a literature review), methods, results, and discussion.

Abstract

The abstract is the first (and, sometimes, only) part of a scientific paper people will read, so it's essential to summarize all necessary information about your methods, results, and conclusions.

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Introduction and Thesis

In academic writing, the introduction and thesis statement form the foundation of your paper.

Methods

A methods section is a detailed description of how a study was researched and conducted.

Results

The results section of a scientific paper objectively presents the empirical data collected in a study.

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Discussion and Conclusion

The discussion section of a scientific paper analyzes and interprets the results of a study, while the conclusion explains implications for further research. 

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