results

Examples of results in the following topics:

• Results

  • The results section of a scientific paper objectively presents the empirical data collected in a study.
  • The results section is where you state the outcome of your experiments.
  • Think of the results section as the cold, hard facts.
  • Simply say, "The results were not found to be statistically significant," or "The results supported the hypothesis, with $p < .05$ significance," or the like.
  • It will be tempting to start drawing conclusions as you write the results section.

• Overview of the IMRAD Model

  • The results section should describe your results without discussing their significance, while the discussion section should analyze your results without reporting any new findings.
  • You will analyze your results in the next section.
  • If you find some results that don't support your hypothesis, don't omit them.
  • Report incongruous results, and then address them in the discussion section.
  • If you find that you need more background information to provide context for your results, don't include it in the results section—go back and add it to your introduction.

• Discussion and Conclusion

  • The discussion section of a scientific paper should interpret the results of your research.
  • Then explain the results themselves.
  • Discuss how they fit (or do not fit) your hypothesis, and whether they are consistent with the results of similar research projects.
  • Acknowledge other possible interpretations of your results, and admit your project's limitations.
  • It should take one to three paragraphs to restate the research question, the main results, and the meaning of those results.

• Methods

  • Your methods section should include a full, technical explanation of how you conducted your research and found your results.
  • Scientific papers need a thorough description of methodology in order to prove that a project meets the criteria of scientific objectivity: a testable hypothesis and reproducible results.
  • Hypotheses become accepted theories only when their experimental results are reproducible.
  • That means that if the experiment is conducted the same way every time, it should always generate the same, or similar, results.
  • This information must be accurate—even one mistaken measurement or typo could change the procedure and results drastically.

• Starting with the Data

  • Data is the result of research conducted and experiments performed.
  • This gives others the opportunity to replicate your experiment and see if they get similar or different results.
  • It is an acronym for Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.
  • You must present your reader with the full results of these experiments without changing anything.
  • Data is the result of research conducted and experiments performed.

• Making Your Own Arguments

  • Scientific papers present their methodology and the findings from a research experiment, and then make an argument based on the results.
  • Therefore, stopping at the description of your methodology before detailing your results is insufficient.
  • Instead, you must draw conclusions from those results, explain why those conclusions are valid, and reveal why a wider audience should care about the importance of those findings.
  • The discussion section should analyze the results, state why they matter, contextualize them in relation to existing research and suggest what the results imply for future research.
  • This section plays a vital role: it makes sense of your results, and it also synthesizes your work, reminding your readers of the steps you've taken to address your initial claim.

• Abstract

  • The abstract is the first (and, sometimes, only) part of a scientific paper people will read, so it's essential to summarize all necessary information about your methods, results, and conclusions.
  • Results are often relayed in formal prose and visual form (charts, graphs, etc.).

• Principles of Writing in the Sciences

  • For example, in an environmental-science lab report, a student might analyze research results to address or clarify a particular scientific development or question:
  • Lab reports, case studies, and other types of scientific writing must be precise in order to provide results that can be tested and reproduced.
  • Science writing must convince its audience that its offering an important, innovative contribution; as a result, it has an argumentative character.
  • Scientific objectivity has two requirements: your hypothesis must be testable, and your results must be reproducible.
  • You may use persuasive language in the abstract, introduction, literature review, discussion of results, and conclusion, but avoid using it when you describe your methods and present your results.

• Organizing Your Research Plan

  • You should aim for a question that will limit search results to sources that relate to your topic, but will still result in a varied pool of sources to explore.
  • If your topic is medical practices in battle, an search for "Battle of Gettysburg" would return far too many general results.
  • Most search engines will let you limit search results by type of source.
  • Again, most search engines will allow you to limit results to anything written within the years you specify, and the choice to limit the time period will depend on your topic.

• Entering the Scientific Conversation

  • What was the conclusion reached from the results?
  • Skim the conclusion to see how the results correspond to the hypothesis.