Examples of the Vedas in the following topics:
-
- The
Indo-Aryan Vedas remain the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, which is considered
one of the oldest religions in the world.
- There
are four Indo-Aryan Vedas: the Rig Veda contains hymns about their mythology;
the Sama Veda consists mainly of hymns about religious rituals; the Yajur Veda
contains instructions for religious rituals; and the Atharva Veda consists of
spells against enemies, sorcerers, and diseases.
- The verses of the
Sam Veda are taken almost completely from the Rig Veda, but arranged
differently so they may be chanted.
- The Atharva Veda includes charms and magic
incantations written in the style of folklore.
- The
Aryan pantheon of gods is described in great detail in the Rig Veda.
-
- There are four
Indo-Aryan Vedas: the Rig Veda contains hymns about mythology; the Sama Veda
consists mainly of hymns about religious rituals; the Yajur Veda contains
instructions for religious rituals; and the Atharva Veda consists of spells
against enemies, sorcerers and diseases.
- The Rig Veda is
the largest and considered the most important of the collection, containing
1,028 hymns divided into ten books, called mandalas.
- The
Aryan pantheon of gods is described in great detail in the Rig Veda.
- The Upanishads are found in the conclusion of the commentaries on the Vedas, and have been passed down by oral
tradition.
- The Rig Veda describes the varied deities of Vedic religion.
-
- Most history of this period is derived from the Vedas, the
oldest scriptures in the Hindu religion.
- Vedas, meaning "knowledge,"
were composed by the Aryans in Vedic Sanskrit between 1500 and 500 BCE, in the northwestern
region the Indian subcontinent.
- There
are four Indo-Aryan Vedas: the Rig Veda contains hymns about their mythology;
the Sama Veda consists mainly of hymns about religious rituals; the Yajur Veda
contains instructions for religious rituals; and the Atharva Veda consists of
spells against enemies, sorcerers, and diseases.
- (Depending on the source
consulted, these are spelled, for example, either Rig Veda or Rigveda.)
- The Sramanas rejected the
authority of the Brahmins, who were considered the protectors of the sacred
learning found in the Vedas.
-
- These roles and their importance, including the levels of power and significance
based on patriarchy, were influenced by stories of the gods in the Rig-Veda
epic.
- The Vedas were ancient scriptures, written
in the Sanskrit language, which contained hymns, philosophies, and rituals handed
down to the priests of the Vedic religion.
- One of these four sacred canonical
texts, the Rig-Veda, described the origins of the world and points to the gods
for the origin of the caste system.
- A page of the Rig-Veda,
one of the four sacred Veda texts, which described the origins of the world and
the stories of the gods.
- The Rig-Veda influenced the development of the
patriarchal society and the caste systems in Aryan India.
-
- Vedic
Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, the most ancient Hindu scripts, compiled c. 1500-500 BCE.
- The Vedas contain hymns, incantations called Samhitas, and
theological and philosophical guidance for priests of the Vedic religion.
- Believed
to be direct revelations to seers among the early Aryan people of India, the
four chief collections are the Rig Veda, Sam Veda, Yajur Vedia, and Atharva
Veda.
- (Depending on the source consulted, these are spelled, for example,
either Rig Veda or Rigveda.)
- Sanskrit evolved from Proto-Indo-European languages and was used to write the Vedas, the Hindu religious texts compiled between 1500-500 BCE.
-
- The ultimate aim of Jainism
is to achieve liberation of the soul.
- Sramana existed in parallel to, but separate
from, Vedic Hinduism, which followed the teachings and rituals found in the
Vedas, the most ancient texts of the Vedic religion.
- Sramana, meaning "seeker," was a tradition that began around 800-600 BCE, when new philosophical groups, who believed in a more
austere path to spiritual freedom, rejected the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmins (the priests of Vedic Hinduism).
- The word Jain derives from the
Sanskrit word jina, meaning conqueror, and the ultimate aim of Jain life is to
achieve liberation of the soul.
- The predominance
of karma is one of the key features of
Jainism.
-
- Most history of this period is derived
from the Vedas, the oldest scriptures in Hinduism, which help chart the
timeline of an era from 1750-500 BCE, known as the Vedic Period.
- Most history of this period is derived from the Vedas, the oldest
scriptures in the Hindu religion, which were composed by the Aryans in Sanskrit.
- The Rigveda describes the most notable of
these conflicts, the Battle of the Ten Kings, between the Bharatas tribe and a
confederation of ten competing tribes on the banks of what is now the Ravi River
in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan.
- The Indo-Aryans settled various parts of the plain during their migration and the Vedic Period.
- Describe the defining characteristics of the Vedic Period and the cultural consequenes of the Indo-Aryan Migration
-
- Sramana existed in parallel to, but separate
from, Vedic Hinduism, which followed the teachings and rituals found in the
Vedas, the most ancient texts of the Vedic religion.
- Sramana, meaning "seeker," was a tradition that began when new philosophical groups who believed in a more
austere path to spiritual freedom rejected the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmins,
the priests of Vedic Hinduism, around 800-600 BCE.
- Early
texts suggest Siddhartha Gautama was born into the Shakya Clan, a community on
the eastern edge of the Indian subcontinent in the 5th century BCE.
- He taught what he called the
Middle Way or Middle Path, the character of the Noble Eightfold Path.
- It marks the release from the cycle of
rebirths, known in the Sramana tradition as samsara.
-
- Its members had been elected to represent the estates of the realm: the First Estate (the clergy), the Second Estate (the nobility) and the Third Estate (the commoners) but the Third Estate had been granted "double representation" (twice as many delegates as each of the other estates).
- On June 17, with the failure of efforts to
reconcile the three estates,
the Third Estate declared themselves redefined as the
National Assembly, an assembly not of the estates, but of the people.
- Following the storming of the Bastille on July 14, the National Assembly became the effective government of France.
- In an attempt to address the financial crisis, the Assembly declared, on November 2, 1789, that the property of the Church was "at the disposal of the nation."
- Thus the nation had now also taken on the responsibility of the Church, which included paying the clergy and caring for the poor, the sick, and the orphaned.
-
- The Constitution of 1791 was the first written constitution of France that turned the country into a constitutional monarchy following the collapse of the absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime.
- For instance, the Marquis de Lafayette proposed a combination of the American and British systems, introducing a bicameral parliament, with the king having the suspensive veto power over the legislature, modeled on the authority then recently vested in the President of the United States.
- The greatest controversy faced by the new committee surrounded the issue of citizenship.
- Redefining the organization of the French government, citizenship, and the limits to the powers of government, the National Assembly set out to represent the interests of the public.
- The National Assembly was the legislative body, the king and royal ministers made up the executive branch, and the judiciary was independent of the other two branches.