peristyle courts

(noun)

In ancient Egypt, courts that open to the sky.

Related Terms

  • solstices
  • equinoxes
  • Hypostyle halls
  • friezes
  • ma'at
  • obelisks
  • pylon
  • monolith

Examples of peristyle courts in the following topics:

  • Ancient Egyptian Monuments

    • Hypostyle halls (covered rooms filled with columns) led to peristyle courts (open courts), where the public could meet with priests.
    • At the front of each court was a pylon (broad, flat towers) that held flagpoles.
  • Persecution in the International Criminal Court

  • Crime and Punishment

    • Court was held at certain times during the year and every citizen was forced to attend.
    • Medieval and early modern European courts used torture, depending on the crime of the accused and his or her social status.
  • The Northern Song Era

    • The Song court maintained diplomatic relations with Chola India, the Fatimid Caliphate, Srivijaya, the Kara-Khanid Khanate of Central Asia, and other countries that were also trade partners with Japan.
    • After Fan was forced to step down from his office, Wang Anshi (1021–1086) became chancellor of the imperial court.
    • The reforms created political factions in the court.
    • As one faction supplanted another in the majority position of the court ministers, it would demote rival officials and exile them to govern remote frontier regions of the empire.
    • While the central Song court remained politically divided and focused upon its internal affairs, alarming new events to the north in the Liao state finally came to its attention.
  • Daily Medieval Life

    • Foreign princes and foreign nobility in exile could also seek refuge at a court.
    • Etiquette and hierarchy flourished in highly structured court settings.
    • Some courts even featured court uniforms.
    • One of the major markers of a court was ceremony.
    • Some courts had ceremonies around the waking and the sleeping of the monarch, called a levée.
  • Christine de Pizan

    • Christine de Pizan was an Italian French late medieval author who wrote about the positive contributions of women to European history and court life.
    • She served as a court writer for several dukes (Louis of Orleans, Philip the Bold of Burgundy, and John the Fearless of Burgundy) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI.
    • Following her birth, Thomas de Pizan accepted an appointment to the court of Charles V of France, as the king's astrologer, alchemist, and physician.
    • By 1393, she was writing love ballads, which caught the attention of wealthy patrons within the court.
  • The Sun-King and Authoritarianism

    • On the death of Mazarin in 1661, Louis assumed personal control of the reins of government and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister.
    • Louis also attached nobles to his court at Versailles and thus achieved increased control over the French aristocracy.
    • Apartments were built to house those willing to pay court to the king.
    • For this purpose, an elaborate court ritual was created where the king became the center of attention and was observed throughout the day by the public.
    • With his excellent memory, Louis could see who attended him at court and who was absent, facilitating the subsequent distribution of favors and positions.
  • The Rise of the Nobility

    • They helped to curb the independent spirit of the nobility, imposing order on them at court and in the army.
    • The new tax was also opposed by the clergy and by the parlements (provincial appellate court staffed by aristocrats).
    • Members of these courts bought their positions from the king, together with the right to transfer their positions hereditarily through payment of an annual fee.
    • Membership in such courts, or appointment to other public positions, often led to elevation to the nobility (the so-called nobles of the robe, as distinguished from the nobility of ancestral military origin, the nobles of the sword.)
    • Pressed and eventually won over by his entourage at court, the king gave in and exempted the clergy from the twentieth in 1751.
  • Marriage to Marie-Antoinette

    • At the age of ten, she could not write correctly in German or in any language commonly used at court, such as French and Italian.
    • Marie Antoinette was persuaded by her husband's aunts to refuse to even acknowledge du Barry, but some saw this as a political blunder that jeopardized Austria's interests at the French court.
    • Marie Antoinette in a court dress worn over extremely wide panniers, Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (1778).
    • She and her court also adopted the English fashion of dresses made of indienne (a material banned in France from 1686 until 1759), percale and muslin. 
  • Rise of the Tang Dynasty

    • Various kingdoms and states paid tribute to the Tang court, and the Tang also conquered or subdued several regions that it indirectly controlled through a protectorate system.
    • For the next hundred years, several Tang leaders ruled, including a woman, Empress Wu, whose rise to power was achieved through cruel and calculating tactics but made room for the prominent role of women in the imperial court.
    • During the forty-four-year reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the Tang dynasty reached its height, a golden age with low economic inflation and a toned down lifestyle for the imperial court.
    • Emperor Taizong (r. 626–649) receives Gar Tongtsen Yülsung, ambassador of Tibet, at his court; painted in 641 by Yan Liben (600–673).
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