Hadrian

Examples of Hadrian in the following topics:

• Art and Culture Under the Nerva-Antonines

  • Emperor Hadrian, among other Nerva-Antonine emperors, patronized the arts, held public festivals, and influenced the culture of Rome and beyond.
  • Above all, Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's Villa at Tibur was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape, albeit lost in large part to the despoliation of the ruins by the Cardinal d'Este, who had much of the marble removed to build Villa d'Este.
  • Also, all Roman emperors before Hadrian, except for Nero (also a great admirer of Greek culture), were clean shaven.
  • Most of the emperors after Hadrian would be portrayed with beards.
  • As a cultural Hellenophile Hadrian was familiar with the work of the philosophers Epictetus, Heliodorus and Favorinus.

• Military Successes of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

  • Hadrian had already surrendered Trajan's conquests in Mesopotamia, considering them to be indefensible.
  • In the East, Hadrian contented himself with retaining suzerainty over Osroene, which was ruled by the client king Parthamaspates, once client king of Parthia under Trajan.
  • Hadrian's abandonment of an aggressive policy was something for which the Senate and its historians never forgave Hadrian: the fourth century historian Aurelius Victor charged him with being jealous of Trajan's exploits and deliberately trying to downplay their worthiness.
  • To maintain morale and prevent the troops from becoming restive, Hadrian established intensive drill routines, and personally inspected the armies.
  • Sections of Hadrian's Wall remain along the route, though much has been dismantled over the years to use the stones for various nearby construction projects.

• The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

  • These emperors are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus, and Commodus.
  • Moreover, there was a family connection as Trajan adopted his first cousin once removed and great-nephew by marriage Hadrian and Hadrian made his half-nephew by marriage and heir Antoninus Pius adopt both Hadrian's second cousin three times removed and half-great-nephew by marriage Marcus Aurelius, also Antoninus' nephew by marriage, and the son of his original planned successor, Lucius Verus.
  • Hadrian was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138 CE.
  • He is also known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman Britain.
  • During his reign, Hadrian traveled to nearly every province of the Empire.

• The Justinian Code

  • Codex: a compilation, by selection and extraction, of imperial enactments to date, going back to Hadrian in the 2nd century AD.

• The Catholic Church

  • At the conclusion, 300 bishops, who were led by the representatives of Pope Hadrian I "adopted the Pope's teaching," in favor of icons.

• Fall of the Flavian Emperors

  • He does not appear in Suetonius' version of the events, but this may be understandable, since his works were published under Nerva's direct descendants Trajan and Hadrian.

• The Anglo-Saxons

  • By the year 400, southern Britain – that is Britain below Hadrian's Wall – was a peripheral part of the western Roman Empire, occasionally lost to rebellion or invasion, but until then always eventually recovered.