Caral civilization

(noun)

A complex pre-Columbian society that included as many as 30 major population centers, in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru.

Related Terms

  • Caral
  • geoglyph
  • quipu
  • Valdivia Culture
  • camelids
  • Chavín civilization

Examples of Caral civilization in the following topics:

  • The Caral Civilization

    • The Caral civilization flourished in the Andean region between the 30th and 18th centuries BCE.
    • The Caral civilization (also known as the Norte Chico civilization and as Caral-Supe) was a complex pre-Columbian society, located  in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru, near Supe, Barranca province, Peru (200 km north of Lima).
    • It has been established as the oldest known civilization in the Americas, and as one of the six sites where civilization separately originated in the ancient world.
    • The Caral flourished between the 30th and 18th centuries BCE.
    • At its peak, approximately 3,000 people are believed to have lived in Caral.
  • The Guatemalan Civil War

  • The Syrian Civil War

  • The Russian Civil War

  • The Chinese Civil War

  • The Indus River Valley Civilization

    • The Indus Civilization was the most widespread of the three early civilizations of the ancient world, along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
    • At its peak, the Indus Valley Civilization may had a population of over 5 million people.
    • In 1912, John Faithfull Fleet, an English civil servant working with the Indian Civil Services, discovered several Harappan seals.
    • The Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro, a city in the Indus River Valley Civilization.
    • Identify the importance of the discovery of the Indus River Valley Civilization
  • Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization

    • The Indus River Valley Civilization contained urban centers with well-conceived and organized infrastructure, architecture and systems of governance.
    • The population of the Indus Valley Civilization may have once been as large as 5 million.
    • Unlike Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization did not build large, monumental structures.
    • Finally, experts have theorized that the Indus Valley Civilization had no rulers as we understand them, with everyone enjoying equal status.
    • Cluster of Indus Valley Civilization cities and excavation sites along the course of the Indus River in Pakistan.
  • River Valley Civilizations

    • The first civilizations formed on the banks of rivers.
    • These early civilizations began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution (12000 BCE).
    • Though each civilization was uniquely different, we can see common patterns amongst these first civilizations since they were all based around rivers.
    • Most notably, these early civilizations were all hydraulic empires.
    • Access to water is still crucial to modern civilizations; water scarcity affects more than 2.8 billion people globally.
  • Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization

    • The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1800 BCE due to climate change and migration.
    • The Indus Valley Civilization may have met its demise due to invasion.
    • Various elements of the Indus Civilization are found in later cultures, suggesting the civilization did not disappear suddenly due to an invasion.
    • By around 1700 BCE, most of the Indus Valley Civilization cities had been abandoned.
    • Discuss the causes for the disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization
  • Thomas Hobbes

    • Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher and scientist, was one of the key figures in the political debates of the Enlightenment period, who introduced a social contract theory based on the relation between the absolute sovereign and the civil society.
    • As Leviathan was written during the English Civil War, much of the book is occupied with demonstrating the necessity of a strong central authority to avoid the evil of discord and civil war.
    • So in order to avoid it, people accede to a social contract and establish a civil society.
    • According to Hobbes, the sovereign must control civil, military, judicial, and ecclesiastical powers.
    • Consequently, if humans wish to live peacefully, they must give up most of their natural rights and create moral obligations in order to establish political and civil society.
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