Benedict's Rule

Examples of Benedict's Rule in the following topics:

• The Rise of the Monasteries

  • The Benedictines were founded by Benedict of Nursia, the most influential of western monks and called "the father of western monasticism."
  • By the 9th century, largely under the inspiration of Emperor Charlemagne, Benedict's Rule became the basic guide for Western monasticism.
  • The efficiency of Benedict's cenobitic Rule, in addition to the stability of the monasteries, made them very productive.
  • During the rule of Pope Innocent III (1198–1216), two of the most famous monastic orders were founded.
  • Saint Benedict, the founder of the Benedictine Monastic Rule, by Herman Nieg, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Austria.

• The Catholic Church

  • In 530, Saint Benedict wrote his Rule of Saint Benedict as a practical guide for monastic community life, and its message spread to monasteries throughout Europe.

• The Western Schism

  • The French crown even tried to coerce Benedict XIII, whom it nominally supported, into resigning.
  • Eventually the cardinals of both factions secured an agreement that Benedict and Pope Gregory XII would meet at Savona.
  • The council, advised by the theologian Jean Gerson, secured the resignations of John XXIII and Gregory XII in 1415, while excommunicating the claimant who refused to step down, Benedict XIII.
  • Nonetheless, the Crown of Aragon did not recognize Martin V and continued to recognize Benedict XIII.
  • Archbishops loyal to Benedict XIII subsequently elected Antipope Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier), and three followers simultaneously elected Antipope Clement VIII, but the Western Schism was by then practically over.

• The Fourth Crusade

  • According to Benedict of Peterborough, Pope Urban III died of deep sadness on October 19, 1187, upon hearing news of the defeat.
  • The Greek population, reacting to the Latin conquest, believed that the Byzantine civilization that revolved around the Orthodox faith would be more secure under Ottoman Islamic rule.

• Spanish Rule in Mexico

• Resistance to French Rule

• Korea under Japanese Rule

• The Achaemenid Empire

  • The dynasty drew its name from Achaemenes, who, from 705-675 BCE, ruled Persis, which was land bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf.
  • After Assyria fell in 605 BCE, Cyaxares, king of the Medes, extended his rule west across Iran.
  • The empire was ruled by a series of monarchs who joined its disparate tribes by constructing a complex network of roads.
  • At its height, the Achaemenid Empire ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history.
  • At its height, the Achaemenid Empire ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest figure for any empire in history.

• The Mongol Threat

  • Power was passed down to the eldest in the local ruling dynasty and cities were responsible for their own defenses.
  • All the major principalities, such as Novgorod, Smolensk, and Pskov, submitted to Mongol rule.
  • The age of this economic and cultural rule is often called the Tatar yoke, but over the course of 200 years, it was a relatively peaceful rule.
  • Culturally, the Mongol rule brought about major shifts during the first century of their presence.
  • Capital punishment and torture also became more widespread during the years of Tatar rule.

• Decline of the Gupta Empire

  • In 415 CE Chandragupta II was succeeded by his second son, Kumaragupta I, who ruled successfully until 455 CE.
  • Kumaragupta’s son, Skandagupta, assumed the throne upon his father’s death in 455 CE and ruled until c. 467 CE.
  • Skandagupta died in 467 CE and was followed onto the throne by his half-brother, Purugupta, who ruled from 467-473 CE.
  • The empire thereafter disintegrated into numerous regional kingdoms ruled by chieftains.
  • A coin emblazoned with the image of Gupta Dynasty Emperor Skandagupta, who ruled c. 455-467 CE.