Examples of sectionalism in the following topics:
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- Increasing sectional polarization pushed most Americans into two
distinct political camps on the eve of the 1860 presidential election.
- Yet the abundance of political parties and organizations
was eventually whittled down due to increasing sectionalism between the North
and the South.
- Sectionalism refers to the different economies,
social structure, customs, and political values of the North and the South.
- Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president of the United States following a period of increased sectional conflict among and within existing American political parties.
- Discuss some of the consequences of increased sectionalism prior to the Civil War
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- The election of 1856 demonstrated the extremity of sectional
polarization in U.S. national politics.
- The election of 1856 demonstrated the extremity
of sectional polarization in national politics during this era.
- He had remained out of the crossfire of sectional disputes in
his post as ambassador to Britain, making him appear more neutral and therefore
appealing to a wider cross-section of Democrats than other potential nominees,
such as incumbent President Franklin Pierce.
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- The Mexican–American War was a source of conflict in the 1840s, compounding the sectional divides that already split political coalitions.
- However, the Mexican War was the source of much political conflict in the 1840s and compounded the sectional divides that already split national political coalitions.Most Whigs in the North and South opposed the war, while most Democrats supported it.In particular, Southern Democrats who were animated by the belief in Manifest Destiny enthusiastically supported the war in hope of adding slave-owning territory to the South (and thereby maintaining a political-balance of power with the faster-growing North).For most Whigs, the Mexican War represented little more than a weak justification by southern politicians for the aggressive expansion of slavery.However, Polk and southern Democrats continued to justify the war using arguments of Manifest Destiny and claiming that territory ceded from Mexico would repay the United States for several hefty loans given to the Mexican government during its war of independence.
- The war also inflamed the slavery issue and sectional splits in the United States.The new territories in the west (particularly California) meant that the westward expansion of slavery became an increasingly central and heated theme in national debates preceding the American Civil War.Furthermore, in extending the nation farther toward the Pacific Ocean, the Mexican–American War contributed to the massive migrations of Americans to the West, which culminated in transcontinental railroads and the Indian wars later in the same century.
- Examine the role that the Mexican American War played in increasing sectional tension
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- Each of these townships were sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile (2.59 km²) or 640 acres.
- These sections could then be further subdivided for re-sale by settlers and land speculators.
- Section 16 in each township was reserved for the maintenance of public schools.
- Many schools today are still located in section sixteen of their respective townships, although a great many of the school sections were sold to raise money for public education.
- In later states, section 36 of each township was also designated as a "school section"
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- While Southern states held elections to consider secession and Buchanan waited out the last months of his presidency, Congress made efforts to reach a compromise over the sectional tensions that exploded with the 1860 election.
- Many of the delegates came in the belief that they could be successful, but many others (from both sides of the spectrum) came to safeguard sectional interests rather than support any measures that would compromise their interests in order to preserve the union.
- Essentially, the key proposal of the Crittenden Compromise provided for a sectional division of the territories at the old 36, 30' latitude line that would stretch to the Pacific.
- With the adjournment of Congress, the inauguration of Lincoln as president, and the flood of new Republican leaders to power in Washington, Democrats in Congress could no longer work towards a sectional compromise.
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- The Whigs and Democrats were in opposition to each other from 1840 to 1861, but both encountered intraparty sectionalism over slavery.
- A primary conflict
between Democrats and Whigs revolved around California's admission to the union
as a free state, which would upset the sectional balance of power between free
and slave states in Congress.
- Realizing that this sectional divide could
split the country, Whigs and Democrats came to a compromise that they hoped
would prevent secession.
- The result of this
sharp sectional split within the Democratic Party was that Democrats were
unable to mobilize an effective, united political platform in order to prevent
the Republicans from achieving a majority in the electoral college.
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- The sectional balance in U.S. politics became increasingly polarized, leading to tensions that escalated into civil war.
- A number of events contributed to the breakdown of sectional
balance in the 1850s.
- The Whigs and Democrats were at odds from 1840 to 1861, but both encountered intraparty sectionalism over slavery.
- The election of 1856 demonstrated the extremity of sectional
polarization in U.S. national politics.
- Increasing sectional polarization pushed Americans into
two distinct political camps on the eve of the 1860 presidential election.
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- Section 9 of Article I allowed the continued "importation" of slaves.
- As further protection for slavery, the delegates approved Section 2 of Article IV, which prohibited citizens from providing assistance to escaping slaves and required the return of chattel property to owners.
- In a section negotiated by James Madison of Virginia, Section 2 of Article I designated "other persons" (slaves) to be added to the total of the state's free population, at the rate of three-fifths of their total number, to establish the state's official population for the purposes of apportionment of Congressional representation and federal taxation.
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- These measures, passed through Congress in September 1850, solved the
dispute regarding California's status as free versus slave, but did not provide
any long-term, fundamental principle for future decisions on the sectional
balance of new territories.
- By allowing popular sovereignty to determine slave
or free states, the Senate basically guaranteed future discord over the
sectional balance of power in the coming years.
- Nonetheless,
the Compromise of 1850 was perceived by both sides as a success insofar as it
staved off a greater escalation of sectional conflict.
- Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, for
example, spoke in favor of the Compromise, urging Northerners to abandon
radical antislavery legislation while warning the South that threats to secede
would inevitably result in sectional violence.
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- The concluding paragraph of section 1 states the Act's goal as "to eliminate the causes of certain substantial obstructions to the free flow of commerce and to mitigate and eliminate these obstructions when they have occurred by encouraging the practice and procedure of collective bargaining and by protecting the exercise by workers of full freedom of association, self-organization, and designation of representatives of their own choosing, for the purpose of negotiating the terms and conditions of their employment or other mutual aid or protection."
- Under critical section 8(a) , NLRA defines unfair labor practices by employers.
- Interfering with, restraining, or coercing employees in the exercise of their rights under section 7.
- Section 8(a)(1)
- Section 8(a)(2)