John Burgoyne

(noun)

General John Burgoyne (24 February 1722 – 4 August 1792) was a British army officer, politician, and dramatist. He first saw action during the Seven Years' War when he participated in several battles, most notably during the Portugal Campaign of 1762.

Related Terms

  • Barry St. Leger
  • Battles of Saratoga
  • Philadelphia Campaign
  • William Howe

Examples of John Burgoyne in the following topics:

  • Burgoyne's Army and the Battle of Saratoga

    • General John Burgoyne, in an attempt to isolate the northern colonies, was defeated by Patriot troops in the Battle of Saratoga.
    • In the summer of 1777, British General John Burgoyne planned an attack from Quebec on the Continental Army.
    • One thousand Native Americans, led by John Butler and several Iroquois war chiefs, joined them as well.
    • In October 1777, General Burgoyne surrendered his Army to the Patriots at Saratoga.
    • Portrait of British General John Burgoyne by Sir Joshua Reynolds, ca. 1766
  • The Aftermath of Saratoga

    • On December 4, 1777, word reached Benjamin Franklin at Versailles that British General John Burgoyne had surrendered at Saratoga.
    • General Burgoyne returned to England on parole in May 1778, where he spent the next two years defending his actions in Parliament and to the press.
    • Eventually, Burgoyne was formally exchanged for more than 1,000 American prisoners.
  • Philadelphia and Saratoga

    • Though Howe successfully captured the Patriot capital, he neglected the concurrent campaign of General John Burgoyne further north.
    • By September 19th, Burgoyne won a small tactical victory against Continental General Horatio Gates at the Battle of Freeman’s Farm, the First Battle of Saratoga.
    • Skirmishing continued after the battle for days while Burgoyne waited for reinforcements from New York City.
    • Burgoyne surrendered his army to the Patriots on October 17, marking the end of British control of the North.
    • Howe's decision to capture Philadelphia in late September left Burgoyne without the crucial support he needed to defeat the Patriots.
  • John Randolph and the Old Republicans

    • When Virginia congressman John Randolph broke with Jefferson in 1806, his political faction became known as the "Old Republicans," or "quids."
    • Virginia congressman John Randolph of Roanoke was the leader of the "Old Republican" faction of Democratic-Republicans that insisted on a strict adherence to the Constitution and opposed any innovations.
    • John Randolph was a planter and a congressman from Virginia, serving in the House of Representatives and the Senate, and also as minister to Russia throughout his career.
    • Photograph at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington of John Randolph of Roanoke, VA.
  • The Adams Presidency

    • John Adams, the second president to hold office, believed in a strong federal government and an expansion of executive power.
    • As the second president to hold office, Federalist John Adams followed Washington's example in stressing civic virtue and republican values.
    • After the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts, Democratic-Republicans began to use the term "the reign of witches" to describe the Federalist party and John Adams.
    • John Adams was the second President of the United States, elected in 1796.
  • The Election of 2004

    • Bush was elected for a second term when he narrowly defeated Democratic candidate John Kerry.
    • Bush defeated Democratic Party candidate John Kerry, the then-junior Senator from Massachusetts.
    • Kerry's running mate, John Edwards, who had also run as a Democratic primary candidate, received one electoral vote for president from an elector from Minnesota.
    • On July 6, 2004, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston held later that month.
    • The split vote in Minnesota denotes an elector's vote counted for Vice President nominee John Edwards.
  • The Raid on Harper's Ferry

    • John Brown, a radical abolitionist from the North, led an attack on the federal arsenal Harper's Ferry in 1859.
    • Many Northern reactions to John Brown's raid are best characterized as baffled reproach.
    • The psychological significance of John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry cannot be overestimated.
    • The South found the North's ambivalent attitude towards John Brown's raid flabbergasting.
    • Compare how Southern and Northern states responded to John Brown’s raid.
  • The Transformation of Law

    • John Marshall greatly impacted the legal system in the United States during his 30 year tenure as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
    • The Supreme Court also gained significant power under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall , who served from 1801 to 1835.
    • John Marshall (1755 – 1835) was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States whose court opinions helped lay the basis for American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches.
    • John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for over 30 years.
  • The Election of 1824

    • John Quincy Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives in 1824, despite not winning the popular vote.
    • John Quincy Adams was elected president on February 9, 1825, in the United States presidential election of 1824, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives.
    • The crowded field included John Quincy Adams, the son of the second president, John Adams.
    • A second candidate, John C.
    • Meanwhile, John C.
  • The Marshall Court

    • John Marshall (September 24, 1755–July 6, 1835) was chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 until 1835.
    • House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800, and was secretary of state under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801.
    • The incumbent Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth was in poor health, so Adams first offered the seat to ex-Chief Justice John Jay, who declined on the grounds that the Court lacked, "energy, weight, and dignity."
    • The three previous chief justices (John Jay, John Rutledge, and Oliver Ellsworth) had minimal legacies beyond setting up the forms of office.
    • John Marshall was the chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801–1835.
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