assembly

Examples of assembly in the following topics:

• Governors and Assemblies

  • Colonial governors were appointed by the Crown, while assemblies were elected by local colonists.
  • The governor was invested with general executive powers and authorized to call a locally elected assembly.
  • In some colonies, the colonial assembly shared power with a royally appointed governor.
  • The colonial Assemblies had a variety of titles, such as House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen.
  • As the Revolution drew near, colonial assemblies began forcibly ejecting their governors from office.

• The Rise of the Assemblies

  • Each colony had a system of governance including a governor, a council of officials appointed by the governor, and an elected assembly.
  • They were politically administered by a crown-appointed governor (with absolute veto power), an appointed council, and a locally elected assembly.
  • Enfranchised voters elected the General Assembly; by 1750, most free men of property could vote.
  • The Assemblies had a variety of titles, such as House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen.
  • However, it is important to note that these assemblies were mostly representative of the privileged and mercantile classes.

• Powers of the Assemblies

  • Assemblies were elected and were called the House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen.
  • The colonial Assemblies had a variety of titles, such as House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen.
  • Taxes and government budgets originated in the Assembly.
  • Conflicts over budgets contributed to the tensions between assemblies and governors that led to the American Revolution.
  • The House of Burgesses was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America.

• The Factory System

  • This invention, along with Eli Whitney's cotton gin, set the stage for the development of interchangeable parts and the assembly line, which would revolutionize manufacturing globally.
  • The American System, or Armory System, emerged in the 1820s and involved semi-skilled labor to produce standardized and identical interchangeable parts that could be assembled with a minimum of time and skill.
  • The use of interchangeable parts separated manufacture from assembly, allowing assembly to be carried out by sequentially adding parts to a product.
  • The assembly line, relying on these parts, became a particularly prominent feature of manufacturing in the late 19th and 20 centuries.

• Colonial Government

  • For instance, elected bodies, specifically the assemblies and county governments, directly determined the development of a wide range of public and private business.
  • Specifically, these assemblies handled land grants, commercial subsidies, and taxation.
  • This was especially true in the perennial battles between appointed governors and the elected assembly.
  • British-appointed governors also faced various degrees of opposition and resistance over new colonial policies, which resulted in much negotiation between assemblies, voting populations, and colonial authorities.
  • This was a possible effect of the state's 1691 charter, which had particularly low requirements for voting eligibility and strong rural representation in its assembly.

• English Administration of the Colonies

  • The governor was invested with general executive powers and authorized to call a locally elected assembly.
  • The governor's council would advise the governor and sit as an upper house when the assembly was in session.
  • Assembly members included representatives elected by the freeholders and planters (landowners) of the province.
  • The governor had the power of absolute veto and could prorogue (i.e., delay) and dissolve the assembly at will.
  • Over time, many of the provincial assemblies sought to expand their powers and limit those of the governor and crown.

• In the South: The Haitian Revolution

  • White colonists controlled the colonial assembly and were the only group that could vote for colonial legislators and enjoy certain property rights.
  • As the white population grew more resistant to the French Revolution, the National Assembly granted more concessions to free people of color, further intensifying racial conflict.
  • By 1792, slaves controlled a third of the island, and their success caused the newly elected Legislative Assembly in France to concede radical reforms.
  • The Assembly granted civil and political rights to free men of color in the colonies in March 1792, sending shockwaves throughout Europe and the U.S.
  • The National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic (1792–1804), met in February 1794 under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre.

• Liberty and Property

  • only the colonial assemblies had a right to tax the colonies (no taxation without representation),
  • The resolves claimed that, in accordance with long established British law, Virginia was subject to taxation only by a parliamentary assembly to which Virginians themselves elected representatives.
  • Since no colonial representatives were elected to the Parliament, the only assembly legally allowed to raise taxes would be the Virginia General Assembly.

• The Holy Experiment

  • Penn's Frame of Government, established in 1682, consisted of an appointed Governor, the proprietor (Penn), a 72-member Provincial Council, and a larger General Assembly.
  • The General Assembly, also known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, was the largest and most representative branch of government, but had little power.
  • At that time, the Provincial Assembly was deemed too moderate by the revolutionaries, who ignored the Assembly and held a convention which produced the Constitution of 1776 for the newly established Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, creating a new General Assembly in the process.

• Automobiles, Airplanes, Mass Production, and Assembly-Line Progress

  • This was largely due to the adoption by industry of the technique of mass production, the system under which identical products were churned out quickly and inexpensively using assembly lines.
  • Using the manufacturing assembly line system, in which individual parts or sets of pieces are added to a product at stations on a conveyor belt or other moveable line, entrepreneurs such as automobile tycoon Henry Ford were able to greatly increase productivity.
  • Assembly lines revolutionized manufacturing in the first decades of the 20th Century.