Earmark Grants

Examples of Earmark Grants in the following topics:

• Government Assistance Programs

  • An example of an agency that oversees the administration of federal assistance is the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which uses grants to provide public affordable housing.
  • Programs administer assistance by "granting" or "awarding" a portion of the assistance to recipients.
  • These are called federal grants or awards.
  • Given the enormous size of federal assistance provided, the Federal government has designed different types of grants, each with its own unique way of awarding and operating.
  • These include project grants, formula grants, and earmark grants.

• Research Funding

  • Research funding comes from grants from private groups or governments, and researchers must be careful to avoid conflicts of interest.
  • Research funding is often applied for by scientists and approved by a granting agency to financially support research.
  • These grants require a lengthy process as the granting agency can inquire about the researcher's background, the facilities used, the equipment needed, the time involved, and the overall potential of the scientific outcome.
  • The process of grant writing and grant proposing is a somewhat delicate process for both the granter and the grantee.
  • However, most universities have research administration offices to facilitate the interaction between the researcher and the granting agency.

• The Credentialized Society

  • Besides attesting to one's abilities, credentials may also grant the holder access to restricted areas, information, or activities.
  • For example, security clearances and press passes are credentials that grant access to otherwise restricted areas.
  • A medical license is a credential that grants the ability to practice an otherwise restricted activity.
  • For example, security clearances and press passes are credentials that grant access to otherwise restricted areas.
  • A medical license is a credential that grants the ability to practice an otherwise restricted activity.

• The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

  • Harold Garfinkel demonstrated this situation through so-called experiments in trust, or breaching experiments, wherein students would interrupt ordinary conversations because they refused to take for granted that they knew what the other person was saying.

• Status Inconsistency

  • A schoolteacher is an example of someone who experiences status inconsistency; he is granted respect by most members of society, but he do not earn a top income.

• Trade Blocs and Common Markets

  • Canada, the United States, and Mexico grant each other special privileges by not imposing tariffs.

• The Cross-Cultural Perspective

  • Chile grants both men and women the right to vote and had one of the first female presidents in the world.
  • Women were granted the right to vote in 1946.

• Democracy

  • Although no country has ever granted all its citizens (i.e. including minors) the vote, most countries today hold regular elections based on egalitarian principles, at least in theory.
  • The right to vote has been expanded in many jurisdictions over time from relatively narrow groups (such as wealthy men of a particular ethnic group), with New Zealand the first nation to grant universal suffrage for all its citizens in 1893.

• Religion in the U.S.

  • Due to the First Amendment, which grants freedom of religion, there is a diversity of religious beliefs and practices in the U.S.

• The Movement for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights

  • DOMA defined marriage as between one man and one woman in federal law, meaning that the federal government would not confer benefits to same-sex couples granted marriage licenses by states.
  • It additionally stated that states did not need to recognize same-sex marriages granted by other states.