Civil Rights Movement

Examples of Civil Rights Movement in the following topics:

• Examples of Social Movements

• Resource Mobilization Approach

  • Resource mobilization theory also divides social movements according to their position among other social movements.
  • social movement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into social movements; social movement organizations form the backbone of social movements
  • As each movement's response to the opportunity structures depends on the movement's organization and resources, there is no clear pattern of movement development nor are specific movement techniques or methods universal.
  • Some movements are effective without an influx of money and are more dependent upon the movement of members for time and labor (e.g., the civil rights movement in the US).
  • Use the resource-mobilization theory to explain some of the successful social movements in history, such as the Civil Rights Movement

• Types of Social Movements

  • Aberle described four types of social movements based upon two fundamental questions: (1) who is the movement attempting to change?
  • Scope: A movement can be either reform or radical.
  • A reform movement might be a trade union seeking to increase workers' rights while the American Civil Rights movement was a radical movement.
  • Methods of Work: Peaceful movements utilize techniques such as nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience.
  • Based on who a movement is trying to change and how much change a movement is advocating, Aberle identified four types of social movements: redemptive, reformative, revolutionary and alternative.

• Protestantism

  • The initial movement began with Jonathan Edwards, a Massachusetts preacher who sought to return to the Pilgrims' strict Calvinist roots.
  • This council developed a comprehensive and widely debated Social Creed, which served as a humanitarian "bill of rights" for those seeking improvements in American life.
  • As the center of community life, Black churches played a leadership role in the Civil Rights Movement.
  • Martin Luther King, Jr. was but one of many notable Black ministers involved in the movement.
  • King received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through non-violent civil disobedience.

• Social Movement Theories

  • In fact, the key to joining the movement was having a friend or associate who was a member of the movement.
  • social movement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into social movements; social movement organizations form the backbone of social movements
  • movements develop in contingent opportunity structures that influence their efforts to mobilize; as each movement's response to the opportunity structures depends on the movement's organization and resources, there is no clear pattern of movement development nor are specific movement techniques or methods universal
  • Some movements are effective without an influx of money and are more dependent upon the movement members for time and labor (e.g., the civil rights movement in the U.S. ).
  • A significant problem for social movement theory has been to explain why people join movements if they believe the movement can/will succeed without their contribution.

• The Movement for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights

  • The LGBT rights movement refers to the efforts of LGBT advocates to improve their legal and social status.
  • The LGBT Rights Movement refers to the attempts of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender advocates to improve the legal and social status of LGBT people.
  • An issue that has been central to the LGBT rights movement since the late 1980s is same-sex marriage.
  • Other states have passed laws allowing for same-sex civil unions.
  • Analyze the efforts of the LGBT rights movement to achieve equal rights and opportunities for homosexual, bisexual, and transgendered individuals

• New Social Movements

  • New social movements focus on issues related to human rights, rather than on materialistic concerns, such as economic development.
  • The primary difference is in their goals, as the new movements focus not on issues of materialistic qualities such as economic well-being, but on issues related to human rights (such as gay rights or pacifism).
  • It is clearly elaborated by Habermas that new social movements are the "new politics" which is about quality of life, individual self-realization, and human rights; whereas the "old politics" focused on economic, political, and military security.
  • The concept of new politics can be exemplified in gay liberation, the focus of which transcends the political issue of gay rights to address the need for a social and cultural acceptance of homosexuality.
  • Further, new social movements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterizes as "bypass[ing] the state. " Moreover, since new social movements are not normally concerned with directly challenging the state, they are regarded as anti-authoritarian and as resisting incorporation at the institutional level.

• Introduction

  • Social movements do not have to be formally organized.
  • A distinction is drawn between social movements and social movement organizations (SMOs).
  • A social movement organization is a formally organized component of a social movement.
  • It is also interesting to note that social movements can spawn counter movements.
  • For instance, the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s resulted in a number of counter movements that attempted to block the goals of the women's movement, many of which were reform movements within conservative religions.

• Social Movements

  • These movements do not have to be formally organized to be considered social movements.
  • Sociologists draw distinctions between social movements and social movement organizations (SMOs).
  • A social movement organization is a formally organized component of a social movement.
  • It is interesting to note that social movements can spawn counter movements.
  • Discover the difference between social movements and social movement organizations, as well as the four areas social movements operate within

• Social Change

  • This is the component of collective behavior known as "social movements. "
  • The national broadcast showing footage of lawmen attacking unresisting marchers seeking the right to vote provoked a national response.
  • Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on August 6.
  • A riot is a form of civil disorder characterized by disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of violence, vandalism, or other crime.
  • Analyze a real-life example, such as the Voting Rights Act, in terms of social change