Perceptual Expectancy

Examples of Perceptual Expectancy in the following topics:

• Perceptual Constancy

  • Thanks to perceptual constancy, we have stable perceptions of an object's qualities even under changing circumstances.
  • There are many common visual and perceptual constancies that we experience during the perception process.
  • The perception of the image is still based upon the actual size of the perceptual characteristics.
  • Our eyes aren't the only sensory organs that "trick" us into perceptual constancy.
  • This is thanks to auditory perceptual constancy!

• Organization

  • This law posits that when we perceive a collection of objects we will perceptually group together objects that are physically close to each other.
  • This law states that people will perceive similar elements will be perceptually grouped together.
  • Many optical illusions play on this perceptual tendency.
  • We develop perceptual schemas in order to organize impressions of people based on their appearance, social roles, interaction, or other traits; these schemas then influence how we perceive other things in the world.
  • For example, you might have a perceptual schema that the building where you go to class is symmetrical on the outside (sometimes called the "symmetry heuristic," or the tendency to remember things as being more symmetrical than they are).

• Temporal Motivation Theory

  • Expectancy, or self-efficacy, is the likelihood of success; value is the reward associated with the outcome; impulsiveness is the individual's ability to withstand urges; and delay is the amount of time until the realization of the outcome (i.e., the deadline).

• Selection

  • Perceptual expectancy, also called perceptual set, is a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way based on expectations and assumptions about the world.
  • A simple demonstration of perceptual expectancy involves very brief presentations of non-words such as "sael."

• Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders

  • People with cluster A personality disorders display a personality style that is odd or eccentric; they are often described as having a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
  • People with STPD usually underestimate the maladaptiveness of their social isolation and perceptual distortions; they tend to consider themselves to be simply eccentric, creative, or nonconformist.

• The Psychology of Employee Satisfaction

• Unconscious Perception

  • The perceptual learning of unconscious processing occurs through priming.

• Classification and Categorization

  • Studies have shown that categories at the middle level are perceptually and conceptually the most salient.

• Conscious vs. Unconscious Emotion

  • In humans, the low road and high road can work simultaneously to provide both fear response and perceptual feedback.

• Cognitive Development in Childhood

  • Cognitive development refers to the development of a child in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, and language learning.