soft power

Examples of soft power in the following topics:

• Diplomacy

  • It is often divided up into the concepts of hard power and soft power.
  • Hard power relates primarily to coercive power, such as the use of force.
  • Soft power commonly covers economics, diplomacy, and cultural influence.
  • There is no clear dividing line between the two forms of power.
  • However, diplomacy is usually regarded as being important in the creation of "soft" power, while military power is important for "hard" power.

• Campaign Finance Reform

  • It eliminated all soft money donations to the national party committees, but it also doubled the contribution limit of hard money, from $1,000 to $2,000 per election cycle, with a built-in increase for inflation.
  • This would effectively make small donations more valuable to a campaign, potentially leading them to put more effort into pursuing such donations, which are believed to have less of a corrupting effect than larger gifts and enhance the power of less-wealthy individuals.

• The Federal Election Campaign Act

  • In 1979, the Commission ruled that political parties could spend unregulated or "soft" money for non-federal administrative and party building activities.
  • Later, this money was used for candidate related issue ads, leading to a substantial increase in soft money contributions and expenditures in elections.
  • The increase of soft money created political pressures that led to passage of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA).
  • The BCRA banned soft money expenditure by parties.

• Inherent Powers

  • Inherent powers are assumed powers of the president not specifically listed in the Constitution.
  • Inherent powers are those powers that a sovereign state holds.
  • In other words, Inherent powers are assumed powers of the president not specifically listed in the Constitution.
  • Inherent powers come from the president's role as chief executive.
  • It says all executive power is vested in the president.

• The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

  • The Act addresses the increased role of soft money in campaign financing by prohibiting national political party committees from raising or spending funds not subject to federal limits.
  • Soft money refers to "non-federal money" that corporations, unions and individuals contribute to political parties to influence state or local elections.
  • These included "electioneering communication" provisions placing restrictions on using corporate and union treasury funds to disseminate broadcast ads identifying a federal candidate within 30 days of a primary or 60 days of a general election) The court also upheld the "soft money" ban prohibiting the raising or use of these funds in federal elections.

• Delegated Powers

  • The delegated powers are a list of items found in the U.S.
  • Almost all presidential powers rely on what Congress does or does not do.
  • And many presidential powers are delegated powers that Congress has accorded presidents to exercise on its behalf and that it can cut back or rescind.
  • The delegated powers, also called enumerated powers, are a list of items found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S.
  • John Marshall's writing about enumerated powers in McCullogh v.

• Concurrent Powers

  • Concurrent powers are the powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government, exercised simultaneously.
  • The United States Constitution affords some powers to the national government without barring them from the states.
  • Concurrent powers are powers that are shared by both the State and the federal government.
  • These concurrent powers including regulating elections, taxing, borrowing money and establishing courts.
  • Describe concurrent powers and how they are exercised in the federal system

• The Powers of National Government

  • Powers are vested in Congress, in the President, and the federal courts by the United States Constitution.
  • It is based on the principle of federalism, where power is shared between the federal government and state governments.
  • The powers of the federal government have generally expanded greatly since the Civil War.
  • The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress, including the power to:
  • The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials.

• The Power of Judicial Review

  • Specific courts with judicial review power must annul the acts of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher authority.
  • Judicial review is an example of the separation of powers in a modern governmental system.
  • In the civil law tradition, judges are seen as those who apply the law, with no power to create or destroy legal rules.
  • The separation of powers is another theory about how a democratic society's government should be organized.
  • It is based on the idea that no branch of government should be more powerful than any other and that each branch of government should have a check on the powers of the other branches of government, thus creating a balance of power among all branches of government.

• Separation of Powers

  • Separation of powers is a doctrine in which each of the three branches of government have defined powers independent of each other.
  • Each of the three branches would have defined powers to check the powers of the other branches.
  • This idea was called separation of powers.
  • Congress has the sole power to legislate in the United States.
  • Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress.