periosteum

Examples of periosteum in the following topics:

• Bone Repair

  • Bone fractures are repaired through physiological processes in the periosteum via chrondroblasts and osteoblasts.
  • The healing process is mainly determined by the periosteum (the connective tissue membrane covering the bone).
  • The periosteum is one source of precursor cells that develop into the chondroblasts and osteoblasts that are essential to heal bone.
  • Days after a fracture, the cells of the periosteum replicate and transform.

• Embryonic and Fetal Bone Formation

  • The periosteum is formed and bone growth continues at the surface of trabeculae.
  • The primary center of ossification is the area where bone growth occurs between the periosteum and the bone.
  • The perichondrium becomes the periosteum.
  • The periosteum contains a layer of undifferentiated cells (osteoprogenitor cells) that later become osteoblasts.

• Supply of Blood and Nerves to Bone

  • Volkmann's canals are channels that assist with blood and nerve supply from the periosteum to the Haversian canal.
  • Young periosteum is more vascular, has more metaphyseal branches, and its vessels communicate more freely with those of the shaft than adult periosteum .

• Development of the Skeleton

  • The membrane that occupies the place of the future bone resembles connective tissue and ultimately forms the periosteum; it is composed of fibers and granular cells in a matrix.
  • These layers subsequently encroach upon the mesh, under the periosteum, and around the larger vascular channels that become the Haversian canals, thickening and developing the bones.
  • The perichondrium becomes the periosteum, which contains a layer of undifferentiated cells (osteoprogenitor cells) that later become osteoblasts.

• Branches of Spinal Nerves

  • The meningeal branches (recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral nerves): These branch from the spinal nerve and re-enter the intervertebral foramen to serve the ligaments, dura, blood vessels, intervertebral discs, facet joints, and periosteum of the vertebrae.

• Cartilaginous Joints: Synchodroses

  • Section through occipitosphenoid synchondrosis of an infant, including the cartilage, perichrondrium, and periosteum.

• Muscle Attachment Sites

  • At either end of the tendon, its fibers intertwine with the fascia of a muscle or the periosteum (a dense fibrous covering of a bone), allowing force to be dissipated across the bone or muscle.

• Structural Classification of Joints

  • A synovial joint connects bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the bones’ periosteum.

• Postnatal Bone Growth

  • The growth in the diameter of bones around the diaphysis occurs through the deposition of bone beneath the periosteum.

• Stages of Bone Development