norepinephrine

Examples of norepinephrine in the following topics:

• Role of the Cardiovascular Center

  • The majority of these neurons act via the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons.
  • Hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine or changes in pH such as acidification due to carbon dioxide accumulation in a tissue during exercise are detected by chemoreceptors.

• Adrenal Medulla

  • The adrenal medulla secretes approximately 20% noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and 80% adrenaline (epinephrine).

• Postganglionic Neurons

  • In the sympathetic division, most are adrenergic, meaning they use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter.
  • In response to this stimulus, postganglionic neurons—with two important exceptions—release norepinephrine, which activates adrenergic receptors on the peripheral target tissues.
  • Within this endocrine gland, the pre-ganglionic neurons create synapses with chromaffin cells and stimulate the chromaffin cells to release norepinephrine and epinephrine directly into the blood.

• Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors

  • The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine or noradrenaline, and epinephrine (adrenaline).

• Sympathetic Nervous System

  • This secretion activates the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and to a lesser extent noradrenaline (norepinephrine) from the adrenal medulla.

• Local Regulation of Blood Flow

  • Generally, norepinephrine and epinephrine (hormones secreted by sympathetic nerves and the adrenal gland medulla) are vasoconstrictive, acting on alpha-1-adrenergic receptors.

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • It does this in a minor way with the direct effect of its secreted norepinephrine, and in a major way by inhibiting action in the enteric plexuses.

• Types of Neurotransmitters by Function

  • Biogenic amines include the catecholamines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine, as well as indolamines such as serotonin and histamine.

• Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors

  • Examples of metabotropic receptors include glutamate receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, GABAB receptors, most serotonin receptors, and receptors for norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, dopamine, neuropeptides, and endocannabinoids.

• Homeostatic Responses to Shock

  • As a result, the baroreceptors in the arteries detect the hypotension and initiate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to increase heart rate and blood pressure.