micro-trauma

(noun)

The damage to muscle fibers that occurs during excessive eccentric contraction.

Related Terms

  • muscle hypertrophy
  • Type II muscle fibers
  • lactic acid

Examples of micro-trauma in the following topics:

  • Impacts of Exercise on Muscles

    • Muscle soreness, once thought to be due to lactic acid accumulation, has more recently been attributed to small tearing, or micro-trauma, of the muscles fibers caused by eccentric contraction.
  • Peritonitis

    • Peritonitis may be localized or generalized, and may result from infection (often due to rupture of a hollow organ as may occur in abdominal trauma or appendicitis) or from a non-infectious process.
    • Other possible reasons for perforation include abdominal trauma, ingestion of a sharp foreign body (such as a fish bone, toothpick or glass shard), perforation by an endoscope or catheter, and internal leakage of a colostomy site.
    • It can result from abdominal trauma and occurs if the large bowel is perforated during surgery.
    • Disruption of the peritoneum, even in the absence of perforation of a hollow viscus, may also cause infection simply by letting micro-organisms into the peritoneal cavity.
    • Examples include trauma, surgical wound, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy.
  • Stages of Bone Development

    • Bone remodeling also occurs in response to trauma, such as that following accidental bone fracture or the placement of dental implants.
    • The purpose of remodeling is to regulate calcium homeostasis and repair micro-damaged bones (from everyday stress), but also to shape and sculpt the skeleton during growth.
  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

    • Historically (DSM-IV) categorized as an anxiety disorder, it is now  categorized under "Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders" in the DSM 5.
    • As an effect of psychological trauma, PTSD is less frequent and more enduring than the more commonly seen acute stress response.
    • Diagnostic symptoms for PTSD include re-experiencing the original trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and increased arousal, such as difficulty falling or staying asleep, anger, and hypervigilance.
    • Although most people (50–90%) encounter trauma over a lifetime, only about 8% develop full PTSD.
    • This effect of childhood trauma, which is not well-understood, may be a marker for both traumatic experiences and attachment problems.
  • Ruptured Spleen

    • The spleen acts as a blood filter for the body and can rupture due to trauma.
    • The rupture of a normal spleen can be caused by trauma, such as a car accident.
  • Arterioles

    • An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel which forms part of the micro-circulation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
    • The micro-circulation involves the flow of blood in the smallest blood vessels, and includes arterioles, capillaries, and venules throughout the body.
  • Spinal Cord Trauma

    • A spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma and not disease.
    • A spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of disease.
    • Spinal cord injuries have many causes, but are typically associated with major trauma from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, and violence.
  • Back Injuries and Heavy Lifting

    • Back injuries result from damage, wear, or trauma to the bones, muscles, or other tissues of the back.
    • Back injuries result from damage, wear, or trauma to the bones, muscles, or other tissues of the back.
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

    • In those with cardiac arrest due to trauma CPR is considered futile in the pulseless case, but still recommended for correctible causes of arrest.
    • Chest compressions are capable of causing significant local blunt trauma, including bruising or fracture of the sternum or ribs.
    • Performing CPR on a healthy person may or may not disrupt normal heart rhythm, but regardless the technique should not be performed on a healthy person because of the risk of trauma.
  • Black Eye

    • Unless there is actual trauma to the eye itself, medical attention is generally not needed.
    • Eye injury and head trauma may also coincide with a black eye.
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