hyoid bone

Examples of hyoid bone in the following topics:

• The Hyoid Bone

  • The hyoid, a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior of the neck, between chin and thyroid, aids tongue movement and swallowing.
  • The hyoid bone is a horseshoe shaped bone found in the neck.
  • Located anteriorly between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage, the hyoid bone protects the esophagus and also facilitates the wide range of muscle activity required for speaking and swallowing.
  • The hyoid bone consists of a central body and two pairs of cornua, or horns, termed greater and lesser cornua.
  • The hyoid ossifies towards the end of fetal development, commencing in the greater cornua before completing in the body shortly after birth.

• Neck Muscles

  • The four suprahyoid muscles found above the hyoid bone act in concert to elevate the hyoid bone, assisting with swallowing by widening the esophagus.
  • It originates from the mandible and attaches to the hyoid bone.
  • The four infrahyoid muscles found below the hyoid bone act in concert to depress the hyoid bone during swallowing and speaking, compressing the esophagus.
  • Sternohyoid – A superficial muscle which originates from the sternum and attaches onto the hyoid bone.
  • Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups are named based on their location relative to the hyoid bone.

• Overview of the Axial Skeleton

  • The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones along the central axis of the human body.
  • The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones along the central axis of the human body.
  • It is composed of: the human skull, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone of the throat, the rib cage (including the sternum), and the vertebral column.
  • The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are the three smallest bones in the human body.
  • The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.

• Facial Bones

  • The hyoid bone, ethmoid bone, and sphenoid bones are sometimes included in the viscerocranium.
  • The lacrimal bones are the two smallest bones located in the face.
  • The maxilla bones fuse in the midline and form the upper jaw.
  • There are fourteen facial bones.
  • Some, like the lacrimal and nasal bones, are paired.

• The Axial Skeleton

  • Head, including the bones of the skull (cranium), face, auditory ossicles, and hyoid bone.
  • The human cranium consists of the flat bones of the cranium and includes the facial bones.
  • The cranium is formed from eight bones connected by sutures.
  • Important facial bones include the lower jaw or mandible, the upper jaw or maxilla, the zygomatic or cheek bone, and the nasal bone.
  • The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.

• Divisions of the Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular

  • Humans are born with between 300 and 350 bones.
  • While some consider certain structures to be a single bone with multiple parts, others may see it as a single part with multiple bones.
  • There are five general classifications of bones.
  • These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
  • It is composed of the human skull, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone of the throat, the rib cage, and the vertebral column .

• Pharynx

  • The lateral walls of the nasopharynx are made of the pharyngeal ostia (bone) of the auditory tube, and supported by the torus tubarus, a mound of cartilage tissue from the auditory tube.
  • Behind the bone of the auditory tube is a deep recess, the pharyngeal recess.
  • The formal superior boundary that separates the laryngopharynx from the oropharynx is at the level of the hyoid bone.

• Larynx

  • The larynx connects to the hyoid bone (the bone that forms the floor of the mouth) from above.

• Clavicle

  • The clavicle or collar bone is a long, curved bone on the upper portion of the shoulder that connects with the scapula and the sternum.
  • The clavicle, or collarbone, is a slender s-shaped bone that extends between the sternum and the scapula and is located directly above the first rib.
  • Muscle attachment sites (pectoralis major, subclavius muscle, deltoid, and sterno-hyoid) are highlighted.

• Gross Anatomy

  • All the bones in the body can be described as long bones or flat bones.
  • Bone is made of bone tissue, a type of dense connective tissue.
  • Cortical bone is compact bone, while cancellous bone is trabecular and spongy bone.
  • The outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, below which lies a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongy bone), as shown in the following figure.
  • These are flat bone, sutural bone, short bone, irregular, sesamoid bone, and long bone.