electrolyte

Examples of electrolyte in the following topics:

• Sodium, Electrolytes, and Fluid Balance

  • Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis within the body.
  • Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis within the body.
  • Electrolyte imbalances can develop from excessive or diminished ingestion and from excessive or diminished elimination of an electrolyte.
  • The most common cause of electrolyte disturbances is renal failure.
  • Other electrolyte imbalances are less common, and often occur in conjunction with major electrolyte changes.

• Absorption of Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, Dipeptides, Tripeptides, Lipids, Electrolytes, Vitamins, and Water

  • Glucose, amino acids, fats, and vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine via the action of hormones and electrolytes.
  • In physiology, the primary ions of electrolytes are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl−), hydrogen phosphate (HPO42−), and hydrogen carbonate (HCO3−).
  • Sodium is the main electrolyte found in extracellular fluid and is involved in fluid balance and blood pressure control.
  • Electrolyte balance is regulated by hormones, generally with the kidneys flushing out excess levels.
  • In humans, electrolyte homeostasis is regulated by hormones such as antidiuretic, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.

• Water Balance Disorders

  • There are three types of dehydration that differ based on the type of change in ion concentrations: hypotonic (primarily a loss of electrolytes, sodium in particular), hypertonic (primarily a loss of water), and isotonic (equal loss of water and electrolytes).
  • In more severe cases, correction of a dehydrated state is accomplished by the replenishment of necessary water and electrolytes through oral rehydration therapy or fluid replacement by intravenous therapy (an IV drip).

• Calcium and Phosphate Balance Regulation

  • Calcium is a key electrolyte: 99% is deposited in bone and the remainder is associated with hormone release and cell signalling.
  • Calcium is a very important electrolyte.

• Malabsorption of Nutrients

  • The main purpose of the gastrointestinal tract is to digest and absorb nutrients (fat, carbohydrate, protein, and fiber), micronutrients (vitamins and trace minerals), water, and electrolytes.
  • These symptoms are due to impaired water, carbohydrate, and electrolyte absorption; or irritation from unabsorbed fatty acids.
  • For example, replacement of nutrients, electrolytes, and fluid may be necessary.

• Peritonitis

  • Complications of peritonitis include sequestration of fluid and electrolytes, as revealed by decreased central venous pressure, which may cause electrolyte disturbances, as well as significant hypovolemia, possibly leading to shock and acute renal failure.
  • General supportive measures include vigorous intravenous rehydration and correction of electrolyte disturbances.

• Abnormal Contractions of Skeletal Muscle

  • Among the causes of spasms are insufficient hydration, muscle overloading, and an absence of electrolytes.

• Fluid Compartments

  • It plays a vital role in intravascular osmotic effects that keep electrolyte levels balanced and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders.
  • The function of trancellular fluid is mainly lubrication of these cavities, and sometimes electrolyte transport.

• Overview of the Urinary System

  • The purpose of the renal system is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.

• Histology of the Large Intestine

  • The crypts and intestinal villi are covered by epithelium which contains two types of cells, goblet cells (secreting mucus) and enterocytes (secreting water and electrolytes).