adduction

Examples of adduction in the following topics:

• Complete Antigens and Haptens

  • When haptens and carriers combine, the resulting molecule is called an adduct, which the combination of two or more molecules.
  • Other haptens, such as floursecein, are used to detect proteins that they form adducts with, which makes them a common part of molecular biology lab techniques.
  • A complete antigen is essentially a hapten-carrier adduct.
  • Once the body has generated antibodies to a hapten-carrier adduct, the small-molecule hapten may also be able to bind to the antibody, but it will usually not initiate an immune response; usually, only the hapten-carrier adduct, which is the completed antigen, can do this.
  • Sometimes the small-molecule hapten can even block immune response to the complete antigen by preventing the adduct from binding to the antibody, a process called hapten inhibition.

• Pulled Groin

  • These groin muscles adduct the thigh (bring the femur and knee closer to the midline).
  • This difference in innervation has caused some dispute whether or not the pectineus belongs to this groin and adduction group even though it still adducts the thigh.

• Chewing Muscles

  • Mastication, or chewing, involves the adduction and lateral motions of the jaw bone.
  • Mastication, or the act of chewing, involves adduction and lateral motion of the jaw bone.

• Posterior Muscles

  • Actions - Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
  • Actions - Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
  • Actions – Extends, flexes, and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.

• Neck Muscles

  • Actions -Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
  • Actions - Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
  • Actions – Extends and flexes to control abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
  • It controls adduction, abduction and rotation of the head, the intermediate region retracts the scapula, and the inferior region rotates and depresses the scapula.
  • Actions – Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and rotation of the neck depending on intra and inter-muscle contractions.

• Lever Systems

  • Abduction and adduction are movements relative to the midline of the body.
  • Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body and adduction is movement towards this line.
  • For example, moving arms or legs laterally away from the body is abduction, and bringing the limbs back to the midline is adduction.

• Muscles of the Shoulder

  • Actions – Adducts the shoulder and assists in rotation of the arm.

• Accessory (XI) Nerve

  • The sternocleidomastoid muscle tilts and rotates the head, while the trapezius muscle has several actions on the scapula, including shoulder elevation and adduction of the scapula.

• Synovial Joint Movements

• Muscles that Cause Movement at the Foot

  • Actions: Adduct the big toe and maintains the arch of the foot.