adduct

(noun)

A complex molecule formed by the combination of two or more molecules, such as a complete antigen created by a hapten and a carrier.

Related Terms

  • hapten

Examples of adduct in the following topics:

  • Complete Antigens and Haptens

    • When haptens and carriers combine, the resulting molecule is called an adduct, the combination of two or more molecules.
    • Other haptens, such as flourescein, detect proteins with which they form adducts.
    • A complete antigen is essentially a hapten-carrier adduct.
    • In most cases this can only be elicited by theonly the hapten-carrier adduct.
    • Sometimes the small-molecule hapten can block immune response to the complete antigen by preventing the adduct from binding to the antibody, a process called hapten inhibition.
  • Pulled Groin

    • These groin muscles adduct the thigh (bring the femur and knee closer to the midline).
    • This difference in innervation has caused some dispute whether or not the pectineus belongs to this groin and adduction group even though it still adducts the thigh.
  • Chewing Muscles

    • Mastication, or chewing, involves the adduction and lateral motions of the jaw bone.
    • Mastication, or the act of chewing, involves adduction and lateral motion of the jaw bone.
  • Posterior Muscles

    • Actions - Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
    • Actions - Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
    • Actions – Extends, flexes, and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
  • Neck Muscles

    • Actions -Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
    • Actions - Extends and controls abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
    • Actions – Extends and flexes to control abduction and adduction of the spine and neck.
    • It controls adduction, abduction and rotation of the head, the intermediate region retracts the scapula, and the inferior region rotates and depresses the scapula.
    • Actions – Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and rotation of the neck depending on intra and inter-muscle contractions.
  • Lever Systems

    • Abduction and adduction are movements relative to the midline of the body.
    • Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body and adduction is movement towards this line.
    • For example, moving arms or legs laterally away from the body is abduction, and bringing the limbs back to the midline is adduction.
  • Muscles of the Shoulder

    • Actions – Adducts the shoulder and assists in rotation of the arm.
  • Synovial Joint Movements

  • Accessory (XI) Nerve

    • The sternocleidomastoid muscle tilts and rotates the head, while the trapezius muscle has several actions on the scapula, including shoulder elevation and adduction of the scapula.
  • Muscles that Cause Movement at the Foot

    • Actions: Adduct the big toe and maintains the arch of the foot.
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