Synthetic

Examples of Synthetic in the following topics:

• Complex and Synthetic Media

  • Two major sub types of media are complex and synthetic medias, known as undefined and defined media.
  • Undefined media are sometimes chosen based on price and sometimes by necessity - some microorganisms have never been cultured on defined media.A defined medium (also known as chemically defined medium or synthetic medium) is a medium in which all the chemicals used are known, no yeast, animal, or plant tissue is present.
  • Chemically defined media differ from serum-free media in that bovine serum albumin or human serum albumin with either a chemically defined recombinant version (which lacks the albumin associated lipids) or synthetic chemical such as the polymer polyvinyl alcohol which can reproduce some of the functions of serums.

• Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs

  • Antimicrobials include not just antibiotics, but synthetically formed compounds as well.
  • Synthetic agents include: sulphonamides, cotrimoxazole, quinolones, anti-virals, anti-fungals, anti-cancer drugs, anti-malarials, anti-tuberculosis drugs, anti-leprotics, and anti-protozoals.
  • The original antibacterial sulfonamides (sometimes called sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group.
  • Recall the synthetic antimicrobial drugs that are sulfonamide and sulphonamide based

• Vitamins and Amino Acids

  • Three synthetic types of vitamin K are known: vitamins K3, K4, and K5.
  • Although the natural K1 and K2 forms are nontoxic, the synthetic form K3 (menadione) has shown toxicity.

• Antibiotic Discovery

  • Synthetic antibiotic chemotherapy as a science and development of antibacterials began in Germany with Paul Ehrlich in the late 1880s.
  • After screening hundreds of dyes against various organisms, he discovered a medicinally useful drug, the synthetic antibacterial Salvarsan now called arsphenamine.

• Synthesizing DNA

  • The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide residues) because the number of errors accumulates with the length of the oligonucleotide being synthesized.
  • Typically, synthetic oligonucleotides are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules around 15–25 bases in length.

• Antibiotics and Selective Toxicity

  • Synthetic antibiotic chemotherapy as a science and development of antibacterials began in Germany with Paul Ehrlich in the late 1880s.
  • After screening hundreds of dyes against various organisms, he discovered a medicinally useful drug, the synthetic antibacterial Salvarsan now called arsphenamine.

• The Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals in Soils and Water

• Origins of Antimicrobial Drugs

  • It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides.

• Antisense Agents

  • Antisense agents are synthetic, single-stranded short sequences of DNA bases designed to hybridize to specific sequences of messenger RNA (mRNA) forming a duplex .

• Activation of Starvation by Survival Genes

  • Some of these proteins activate synthetically, hydrolytically, or both (Rel) .