Examples of passive immunity in the following topics:
-
- Passive immunization can be exogenously administered (artificial) or transferred from mother to fetus (natural).
- There are two types of passive immunity: artificial and natural .
- Artificial passive immunity is achieved by infusion of serum or plasma containing high concentrations of antibody.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
- Describe how artificial and natural passive immunity function to provide antibody protection against microorganisms
-
- Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, when antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream.
- There are two ways to acquire passive resistance against disease: passive natural and passive artificial.
- Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, in which certain antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream in the form of IgG.
- Passive immunity can also be in the form of IgA and IgG found in human colostrum and milk of babies who are nursed.
- IgA antibodies are transferred from mother to child in colostrum and milk and confer passive immunity.
-
- Artificial immunity is a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
- Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or by previous infection or other non-immunological factors.
- Artificially-acquired passive immunity is an immediate, but short-term immunization provided by the injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulin, that are not produced by the recipient's cells.
- Artificial passive immunization is normally administered by injection and is used if there has been a recent outbreak of a particular disease or as an emergency treatment for toxicity, as in for tetanus.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
-
- When the immune system is exposed to molecules that are foreign to the body, it will orchestrate an immune response.
- The most important elements of the immune system that are improved by immunization are the T cells, the B cells, and the antibodies B cells produce.
- By contrast, in passive immunization, pre-synthesized elements of the immune system are transferred to a human body so it does not need to produce these elements itself.
- Currently, antibodies can be used for passive immunization.
- Passive immunization occurs physiologically, when antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus during pregnancy, to protect the fetus before and shortly after birth.
-
- Both naturally and artificially acquired immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether immunity is induced in the host or passively transferred from an immune host.
- Passive immunity is acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T cells from an immune host, and is short lived—usually lasting only a few months.
- Humoral immunity is active when the organism generates its own antibodies, and passive when antibodies are transferred between individuals.
- Similarly, cell-mediated immunity is active when the organism's own T cells are stimulated and passive when T cells come from another organism.
- Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.
-
- An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen and can function as an epitope.
- An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.
- Type III hypersensitivity reactions are immune complex-mediated.
- The Arthus reaction involves the in situformation of antigen/antibody complexes after the intradermal injection of an antigen (as seen in passive immunity).
- An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.
-
- In animal models, passive immunization with anti FimH-antibodies and vaccination with the protein significantly reduced colonization by UPEC.
-
- Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Unlike many infectious diseases, recovery from naturally acquired tetanus does not usually result in immunity to tetanus.
- This is due to the extreme potency of the tetanospasmin toxin; even a lethal dose of tetanospasmin is insufficient to provoke an immune response.Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination with tetanus toxoid.
- To combat the effects of the toxin, tetanus immune globulin (TIG) antitoxin can be given to the patient.
- These antibodies are able to neutralize the tetanospasmin if they are not already bound to motor neurons, and can confer passive immunity.
-
- Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and then develops immunity.
- Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection, or by other non-immunological factors.
- Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.
- Immunization (commonly referred to as vaccination) is the deliberate induction of an immune response, and represents the single most effective manipulation of the immune system that scientists have developed .
- The principle behind immunization is to introduce an antigen, derived from a disease-causing organism, that stimulates the immune system to develop protective immunity against that organism, but which does not itself cause the pathogenic effects of that organism.
-
- The immune system protects organisms from infection first with the innate immune system, then with adaptive immunity.
- Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals.
- Both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules.
- This type of immunity is both active and adaptive because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges.
- Active immunity often involves both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of immunity as well as input from the innate immune system .