neutrophil

Examples of neutrophil in the following topics:

• Phagocyte Migration and Phagocytosis

  • Phagocytosis of bacteria by human neutrophils takes on average nine minutes to occur.
  • In the blood, neutrophils are inactive but are swept along at high speed.
  • Another group of chemical attractants are cytokines that recruit neutrophils and monocytes from the blood.
  • Signals from the infection cause the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels to make a protein called selectin, which neutrophils stick to when they pass by.
  • During an infection, millions of neutrophils are recruited from the blood, but they die after a few days.

• Macrophages

  • Where a pathogen is involved, they are commonly preceded by neutrophils, which release a range of toxic agents designed to kill extracellular pathogens.
  • The macrophage then has the task of clearing both the dead pathogens and the dead neutrophils.
  • The process of recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages involves the resident macrophages which act as sentinels.

• Cells and Organs of the Immune System

  • Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens.
  • Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte.
  • Basophils and eosinophils are related to neutrophils.
  • Neutrophil engulfing anthrax bacteria.
  • Red blood cells, several white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets.

• Microbial Growth at Low or High pH

  • Neutrophiles are organisms that thrive in neutral (pH 7) environments; extromophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme pH environments.

• The Complement System and Heart Disease

  • The process is aided by neutrophils, the complement system, and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

• Iron-Binding Proteins

  • Lactoferrin is also present in secondary granules of PMN (Polymorphonucler neutrophil) and is secreted by some acinar cells.

• Immunoassays for Disease

  • The cellular component includes mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and plasma cells.

• Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

  • The cause of damage is as a result of the action of cleaved complement anaphylotoxins C3a and C5a, which, respectively, mediate the induction of granule release from mast cells (from which histamine can cause urticaria), and recruitment of inflammatory cells into the tissue (mainly those with lysosomal action, leading to tissue damage through frustrated phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages).
  • As observed under methods of histopathology, acute necrotizing vasculitis within the affected tissues is observed concomitant to neutrophilic infiltration, along with notable eosinophilic deposition (fibrinoid necrosis).

• Hyperthermophiles from Submarine Volcanic Habitats

  • Groups that include conspicuous or biogeochemically-important taxa include the sulfur-oxidizing gamma and epsilon proteobacteria, the Aquificaeles, the methanogenic archaea and the neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria.

• The Complement System

  • The following are the basic functions of the complement: opsonization (enhancing phagocytosis of antigens); chemotaxis (attracting macrophages and neutrophils); cell lysis (rupturing membranes of foreign cells); and clumping (antigen-bearing agents).