marine

Examples of marine in the following topics:

• Marine Habitats

  • The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life.
  • The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support life.
  • Marine life partially depends on the saltwater that is in the sea ("marine" comes from the Latin "mare," meaning sea or ocean).
  • Marine habitats can be modified by their inhabitants.
  • Coral reefs provide marine habitats for tube sponges, which in turn become marine habitats for fishes.

• Viral Roles in Ecosystems

  • This is typified by the role of viruses in marine ecology.
  • Viruses are the main agents responsible for the rapid destruction of harmful algal blooms, which often kill other marine life.
  • Like any organism, marine mammals are susceptible to viral infections.
  • As mentioned, marine viruses are mostly bacteriophages, or phages.
  • This represents a fraction of the viral diversity seen in teaspoon of marine water.

• Anoxic Hydrocarbon Oxidation

  • Marine environments are especially vulnerable.
  • Despite its toxicity, a considerable fraction of crude oil entering marine systems is eliminated by the hydrocarbon-degrading activities of microbial communities.
  • Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a microbial process that occurs in anoxic marine sediments.
  • It is estimated that almost 90% of all the methane that arises from marine sediments is oxidized anaerobically by this process.
  • Describe the process of anoxic hydrocarbon oxidation in regards to marine environments

• Sea Coral and Sea Anemone Zooxanthellae

  • Zooxanthellae refers to a variety of species that form symbiotic relationships with other marine organisms, particularly coral.
  • Cnidarians that are associated with Symbiodinium occur mostly in warm oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) marine environments where they are often the dominant constituents of benthic communities.

• Planctomycetes

  • Planctomycetes are a phylum of aquatic bacteria and are found in samples of brackish, marine, and fresh water.
  • They are found in samples of brackish, marine, and fresh water.

• Psychrophilic Crenarchaeota

  • Initially, the Crenarchaeota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic Crenarchaeota environmental rRNA indicating the organism may be the most abundant archaea in the marine environment.
  • Beginning in 1992, data were published that reported sequences of genes belonging to the Crenarchaea in marine environments making these bacteria psychrophiles or cryophiles.
  • Different microbes are responsible for each step in the marine environment.
  • Several groups of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are known in the marine environment, including Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, and Nitrosococcus.

• Ocean Floor

  • Recently there has been the discovery of abundant marine life in the deep sea, especially around hydrothermal vents.
  • Large deep sea communities of marine life have been discovered around black and white smokers – hydrothermal vents emitting typical chemicals toxic to humans and most of the vertebrates.
  • This marine life receives its energy from both the extreme temperature difference (typically a drop of 150 degrees) and from chemosynthesis by bacteria.
  • Marine life also flourishes around seamounts that rise from the depths, where fish and other sea life congregate to spawn and feed.

• The Carbon Cycle

  • The carbon cycle describes the flow of carbon from the atmosphere to the marine and terrestrial biospheres, and the earth's crust.
  • Carbon dioxide leaves the atmosphere through photosynthesis, thus entering the terrestrial and marine biospheres.
  • Marine Biosphere: The carbon cycle in the marine biosphere is very similar to that in the terrestrial ecosystem.
  • Much of the carbon on the earth's lithosphere (about 80%) is stored in limestone, which was formed from the calcium carbonate from the shells of marine animals.

• Viral Genomes in Nature

  • They infect and destroy the bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, comprising the most important mechanism of recycling carbon in the marine environment.
  • Viruses are the main agents responsible for the rapid destruction of harmful algal blooms, which often kill other marine life.
  • The effects of marine viruses are far-reaching.
  • Like any organism, marine mammals are susceptible to viral infections.
  • Many other viruses, including caliciviruses, herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and parvoviruses circulate in marine mammal populations.

• Nanoarchaeum and Aciduliprofundum

  • Nanoarchaeum equitans is a species of marine Archaea discovered in a hydrothermal vent off the coast of Iceland.
  • Nanoarchaeum equitans is a species of marine Archaea that was discovered in 2002 in a hydrothermal vent off the coast of Iceland on the Kolbeinsey Ridge by Karl Stetter.