hyperthermophiles

Examples of hyperthermophiles in the following topics:

• Hyperthermophilic Archaea, H2, and Microbial Evolution

  • A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments, from 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) and up.
  • Hyperthermophiles are a subset of extremophiles within the domain Archaea.
  • An optimal temperature for the existence of hyperthermophiles is above 80°C (176°F).
  • Hyperthermophiles were first discovered by Thomas D.
  • There are a number of proposed high temperature adaptions of hyperthermophiles.

• Hyperthermophiles from Terrestrial Volcanic Habitats

  • A hyperthermophile thrives at relatively high temperatures and can be found in geothermally heated regions of the Earth.
  • Hyperthermophiles are particularly extreme thermophiles for which the optimal temperatures are above 80°C.
  • Some extreme thermophiles (hyperthermophiles) require a very high temperature (80°C to 105°C) for growth.
  • Many of the hyperthermophiles Archea require elemental sulfur for growth.

• Hyperthermophiles from Submarine Volcanic Habitats

  • Hyperthermophiles live in dark regions of the oceans and use chemosynthesis to produce biomass from single carbon molecules.
  • Describe the metabolic processes used by hyperthermophiles found in submarine volcanic habitats

• Classification of Microorganisms by Growth Temperature

  • Organisms that prefer cold environments are termed psychrophilic, those preferring warmer temperatures are termed thermophilic and those thriving in extremely hot environments are hyperthermophilic.

• Thermoplasmatales, Thermocaccales, and Methanopyrus

  • Another anaerobic Euryarchaeota, often hyperthermophiles, are the Thermococcales of the class Thermocococci.
  • It is a hyperthermophile, discovered on the wall of a black smoker from the Gulf of California at a depth of 2000 m, at temperatures of 84-110 °C.

• Viruses of Archaea

  • Species of the order Ligamenvirales and the families Ampullaviridae, Bicaudaviridae, Clavaviridae, Fuselloviridae, Globuloviridae, and Guttaviridae infect hyperthermophilic archaea species of the Crenarchaeota.
  • The Aeropyrum coil-shaped virus infects a hyperthermophilic (optimal growth at 90-95°C) host.

• Diverse Cell Forms of Methanogens

  • M. kandleri is a hyperthermophile, discovered on the wall of a black smoker from the Gulf of California at a depth of 2000 m, at temperatures of 84-110 °C.

• Aquificales and Thermotogales

  • In the 16S rRNA gene trees, the Aquificae species branch in the proximity of the phylum Thermotogae (another phylum comprising hyperthermophiles) close to the archaeal-bacterial branch point.
  • The phylum Thermotogae is composed of gram-negative staining, anaerobic, mostly thermophilic, and hyperthermophilic bacteria.

• Psychrophilic Crenarchaeota

  • Until recently all cultured Crenarchaea had been thermophilic or hyperthermophilic organisms, some of which have the ability to grow at up to 113 °C.

• Archaeal Gene Regulation

  • One group is exemplified by the Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1 ("Pleolipoviridae") infecting halophilic archaea and the other one by the Aeropyrum coil-shaped virus ("Spiraviridae") infecting a hyperthermophilic (optimal growth at 90-95°C) host.