hydrolysis

(noun)

A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.

Related Terms

Examples of hydrolysis in the following topics:

  • Chemical Assays, Radioisotopic Methods, and Microelectrodes

    • The process of hydrolysis is characterized by the ability to chemically split a molecule by the addition of water.
    • There are numerous tests utilized in bacterial identification which involve testing for hydrolysis of specific substances.
    • These tests include hydrolysis of starch, lipids, casein and gelatin.

  • Clostridial and Propionic Acid Fermentation

    • Acidogenesis is the second stage in the four stages of anaerobic digestion: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
    • Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction wherein particulates are solubilized and large polymers are converted into simpler monomers.

  • Oxygenic Photosynthesis

    • However, the two processes take place through a different sequence of chemical reactions and in different cellular compartments.The general equation for photosynthesis is therefore:2n CO2 + 2n DH2 + photons → 2(CH2O)n + 2n DOCarbon dioxide + electron donor + light energy → carbohydrate + oxidized electron donor.In oxygenic photosynthesis water is the electron donor and, since its hydrolysis releases oxygen, the equation for this process is:2n CO2 + 4n H2O + photons → 2(CH2O)n + 2n O2 + 2n H2Ocarbon dioxide + water + light energy → carbohydrate + oxygen + waterOften 2n water molecules are cancelled on both sides, yielding:2n CO2 + 2n H2O + photons → 2(CH2O)n + 2n O2carbon dioxide + water + light energy → carbohydrate + oxygen

  • Proteolytic Degradation

    • Polypeptides are commonly broken down via hydrolysis of the peptide bonds by utilizing a class of enzymes called proteases.

  • Polysaccharide Biosynthesis

    • PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of one guanosine triphosphate molecule.

  • Nitrogen Fixation Mechanism

    • The enzymatic reduction of N2 to ammonia therefore requires an input of chemical energy, released from ATP hydrolysis, to overcome the activation energy barrier.
    • The hydrolysis of ATP supplies the energy for the reaction while the Fdx/Fld proteins supply the electrons.

  • ABC Transporters

    • ABC transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to carry out certain biological processes including translocation of various substrates across membranes and non-transport-related processes such as translation of RNA and DNA repair.

  • The Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals in Soils and Water

    • During this time, the organic matter undergoes four different enzymatic transformations: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis.

  • Alteration of Membrane Permeability

    • The periplasm contains the peptidoglycan layer and also many proteins responsible for substrate binding or hydrolysis and the reception of extracellular signals.

  • Types of Catabolism

    • Fats are catabolised by hydrolysis to free fatty acids and glycerol.