Examples of effector in the following topics:
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- This activation results in the expansion of the antigen-specific lymphocyte pool and the differentiation of these cells into effector and memory cells.
- Effector cells include helper T cells, and cytolytic or cytotoxic T cells.
- Memory T cells are an expanded population of T cells specific for antigens that can respond rapidly to subsequent encounter with that antigen and differentiate into effector cell to eliminate the antigen.
- Distinguish between: naive, effector (helper and cytotoxic), memory and regulatory T cells
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- There are four main bacterial pathogenicity factors: cell wall degrading enzymes, toxins, phytohormones, and effector proteins.
- Effector proteins: These can be secreted into the extracellular environment or directly into the host cell, often via the Type three secretion system .
- Some effectors are known to suppress host defense processes.
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- Antibodies or Immunoglobulins bind antigens in the recognition phase and the effector phase of humoral immunity.
- These activated B cells produce a soluble form of immunoglobulin that triggers effector mechanisms to eliminate antigens.
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- In the effector phase of cell-mediated immunity, differentiated effector T cells recognize microbial antigens on phagocytes and activate the macrophages to destroy these engulfed microbes.
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- B and T cells) differentiate further after exposure to an antigen; they form effector and memory lymphocytes.
- Effector lymphocytes function to eliminate the antigen, either by releasing antibodies (in the case of B cells), cytotoxic granules (cytotoxic T cells) or by signaling to other cells of the immune system (helper T cells).
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- The membrane attack complex (MAC; ) is typically formed on the surface of pathogenic bacterial cells as a result of the activation of the alternative pathway and the classical pathway of the complement system, and it is one of the effector proteins of the immune system.
- These tagged cells are then recognised by natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages (recognised via IgG bound (via the Fc region) to the effector cell surface receptor, CD16 (FcγRIII)), which in turn kill these tagged cells.
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- Immune reactants, such as antibodies and effector T-cells, work to eliminate an infection, and their levels and activity rapidly increase following an encounter with an infectious agent, whether that agent is a pathogen or a vaccine.
- Following clearance of the infection, antibody level and effector T cell activity gradually declines.
- Because immunological memory has developed, reinfection at later times leads to a rapid increase in antibody production and effector T cell activity.
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- Immune reactants, such as antibodies and effector T-cells, work to eliminate an infection, and their levels and activity rapidly increase following an encounter with an infectious agent, whether that agent is a pathogen or a vaccine.
- Following clearance of the infection, antibody level and effector T cell activity gradually declines.
- Because immunological memory has developed, reinfection at later times leads to a rapid increase in antibody production and effector T cell activity.
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- Different subpopulations of dendritic cells may stimulate distinct types of T cell effector responses.
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- The differentiated effector cells derived from an activated lymphocyte will bear receptors of identical specificity as the parental cell.
- B cells that have not been activated by antigen are known as naive lymphocytes; those that have met their antigen, become activated, and have differentiated further into fully functional lymphocytes are known as effector B lymphocytes.