cyst

Examples of cyst in the following topics:

• Hydatid Disease

  • Hydatid disease, also referred to as cystic echinococcosis, is characterized by the slow growth of large cysts within various organs.
  • Cysts are typically found in the liver and in the thorax or abdominal cavity.
  • However, the growth of these cysts are slow and may go unnoticed for a significant duration of time.
  • The oncospheres undergo further growth and form cysts.
  • Hydatid disease is characterized by the growth of these cysts into the adult stage for the tapeworm.

• Amoebic Dysentery (Amoebiasis)

  • The infective cysts are passed via infected stool.
  • Upon ingestion of contaminated foods or water, the cysts will move into the intestinal area.
  • These cysts are protected from stomach acids and are able to evade destruction.
  • Once in the intestine, the cyst breaks open and releases the amoebas which then burrow into and damage the intestinal walls.
  • The amoebae or trophozoites are able to divide via binary fission and and produce cysts.

• Purification of Drinking Water

  • Larger pathogens such as giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium are trapped in these filters, but the cysts they produce are small enough to pass through.
  • Although chlorine is very effective against bacteria, it is not as effective against the cysts formed by protozoans (like giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium).
  • Ozone is widely used in Europe, and is an effective method to kill cysts formed by protozoans.
  • Ultraviolet Light is very effective at inactivating protozoan cysts, and will also kill bacteria and viruses.

• Protozoa

  • ., trophozoites) and dormant cysts.
  • As cysts, protozoa can survive harsh conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures or harmful chemicals, or long periods without access to nutrients, water, or oxygen for a period of time.
  • Being a cyst enables parasitic species to survive outside of a host, and allows their transmission from one host to another.
  • The conversion of a trophozoite to cyst form is known as encystation, while the process of transforming back into a trophozoite is known as excystation .

• Toxoplasmosis

  • Latent toxoplasmosis is characterized by the formation of cysts in both the nervous and muscle tissue due to the bradyzoite form of the parasite.
  • The cat will shed large numbers of these cysts over a short period of time.
  • After localizing to these sites, they will develop into tissue cyst bradyzoites.
  • Cats, can become infected after consuming intermediate hosts that are infected with tissue cysts or by ingesting sporulated oocysts .

• Giardiasis

  • The cysts and trophozoites, found in the fecal matter, are extremely resistant to harsh environments.
  • It is the cysts that are ingested and passed from exposure to contaminated food, water, or by the fecal-oral route.
  • Once the parasites move towards the colon, the encystation phase occurs and the cysts are infectious when passed in the stool .

• Relative Resistance of Microbes

  • Protozoa cysts are quite hard to eliminate too.
  • As cysts, protozoa can survive harsh conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures or harmful chemicals, or long periods without access to nutrients, water, or oxygen for a period of time.
  • Being a cyst enables parasitic species to survive outside of a host, and allows their transmission from one host to another.

• Cystitis

  • Cystitis cystica is a chronic cystitis glandularis accompanied by the formation of cysts.
  • It appears as small cysts filled with fluid and lined by one or more layers of epithelial cells.

• Pneumocystis Pneumonia

  • Staining with toluidine blue, silver stain, periodic-acid schiff stain, or an immunofluorescence assay will show the characteristic cysts.
  • The cysts resemble crushed ping-pong balls and are present in aggregates of 2 to 8 (and not to be confused with Histoplasma or Cryptococcus, which typically do not form aggregates of spores or cells).
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii cysts from bronchoalveolar lavage, stained with Toluidin blue O stain

• Tapeworms

  • The larval stages will then form cysts, referred to as Cysticercus bovis, within the muscular system of the cattle.
  • Therefore, if humans ingest under prepared meat with cysts, the cysts will break open into the digestive system and develop into an adult tapeworm in the human host .