chemotaxis

Examples of chemotaxis in the following topics:

• Chemotaxis

  • Chemotaxis is the phenomenon whereby bacterial cells direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.
  • Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question.
  • Conversely, negative chemotaxis occurs if the movement is in the opposite direction.
  • Chemoattractants and chemorepellents are inorganic or organic substances possessing chemotaxis-inducer effect in motile cells .
  • Their method of chemotaxis is different.

• Cytokines and Chemokines

  • Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines .

• Morphologically Unusual Proteobacteria

  • One daughter is a mobile "swarmer" cell that has a single flagellum at one cell pole that provides swimming motility for chemotaxis.
  • One daughter is a mobile "swarmer" cell that has a single flagellum at one cell pole that provides swimming motility for chemotaxis.

• Antimicrobial Peptides

  • AMPs have been shown to be important in such diverse functions as angiogenesis, wound healing, cytokine release, chemotaxis, and regulation of the adaptive immune system.

• Macrophages

  • To enter a tissue, the monocyte in peripheral blood must adhere to the vessel wall, cross the endothelial cell barrier, and then migrate towards the stimulus; a process known as chemotaxis.

• Phagocyte Migration and Phagocytosis

  • Chemotaxis is the process by which phagocytes follow the cytokine "scent" to the infected spot.

• Direct Damage

  • Pathogens that exhibit the ability to avoid contact utilize various processes to accomplish this, including: the ability to grow in regions of the body where phagocytes are incapable of reaching; the ability to inhibit the activation of an immune response; inhibiting and interfering with chemotaxis which drives the phagocytes to site of infection; and 'tricking' the immune system to identify the bacteria as 'self. ' Additional mechanism(s) by which bacteria can avoid destruction is by avoiding engulfment.

• Starvation-Induced Fruiting Bodies

  • When nutrients are scarce, myxobacterial cells aggregate into fruiting bodies, a process long-thought to be mediated by chemotaxis but now considered to be a function of a form of contact-mediated signaling.

• Sporulation in Bacillus

  • The activation of flagellar motility to seek new food sources by chemotaxis

• Two-Component Regulatory Systems

  • Examples of histidine kinases are EnvZ, which plays a central role in osmoregulation, and CheA, which plays a central role in the chemotaxis system.