carboxylation

(noun)

A reaction that introduces a carboxylic acid into a molecule.

Related Terms

  • ATP citrate lyase
  • glyoxylate
  • Krebs cycle

Examples of carboxylation in the following topics:

  • Organic Acid Metabolism

    • The most commonly metabolized organic acids are the carboxylic acids, which are organic acids containing at least one carboxyl (-COOH) group.
    • The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R is a monovalent functional group.
    • Many types of carboxylic acids can be metabolized by microbes, including:
  • Vitamins and Amino Acids

    • Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds made from amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.
    • While in plants, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is a small disubstituted cyclic amino acid that is a key intermediate in the production of the plant hormone ethylene.
  • The 3-Hydroxypropionate Cycle

    • Propionyl-CoA carboxylase is an enzyme that functions in the carboxylation of propionyl CoA.
    • The acetyl-CoA carboxylase utilized in this cycle is biotin-dependent as well and catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.
  • Pyruvic Acid and Metabolism

    • The carboxylate (COO−) anion of pyruvic acid.
    • The cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or tri-carboxylic acid cycle, because citric acid is one of the intermediate compounds formed during the reactions.
  • Siderophores

    • Siderophores are classified by which ligands they use to chelate the ferric iron, including the catecholates, hydroxamates, and carboxylates.
    • The majors groups of siderophores include the catecholates (phenolates), hydroxamates and carboxylates (e.g. derivatives of citric acid).
  • Lipid Metabolism

    • They are made of a hydrocarbon chain of variable length that terminates with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).
    • In brief, the oxidation of lipids proceeds as follows: two-carbon fragments are removed sequentially from the carboxyl end of the fatty acid after dehydrogenation, hydration, and oxidation to form a keto acid, which is then cleaved by thiolysis.
    • A fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail that may be either saturated or unsaturated.
  • Aerobic Hydrocarbon Oxidation

    • Microbes can utilize hydrocarbons via a stepwise oxidation of a hydrocarbon by oxygen produces water and, successively, an alcohol, an aldehyde or a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and then a peroxide.
  • The Incorporation of Nonstandard Amino Acids

    • For example, the carboxylation of glutamate allows for better binding of calcium cations, and the hydroxylation of proline is critical for maintaining connective tissues.
  • The Reverse TCA Cycle

    • These enzymes are unique to reverse TCA and are necessary for the reductive carboxylation to occur.
  • Purifying Proteins by Affinity Tag

    • BCCP (Biotin Carboxyl Carrier Protein), a protein domain recognized by streptavidin
Subjects
  • Accounting
  • Algebra
  • Art History
  • Biology
  • Business
  • Calculus
  • Chemistry
  • Communications
  • Economics
  • Finance
  • Management
  • Marketing
  • Microbiology
  • Physics
  • Physiology
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Statistics
  • U.S. History
  • World History
  • Writing

Except where noted, content and user contributions on this site are licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 with attribution required.