C1-compounds

(noun)

chemical compounds containing only one carbon atom, for example, methanol.

Related Terms

  • Alphaproteobacteria
  • phototroph

Examples of C1-compounds in the following topics:

  • Organic Acid Metabolism

    • Some microbes are capable of utilizing such compounds as a sole source of energy.
    • It is vital in the catabolism of C1 compounds such as methanol (see the "Methylotrophy and Methanotrophy" atom for more information on C1 compound utilization).
    • Methylotrophic microbes convert single-carbon compounds to formaldehyde, which is oxidized to formate by formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
  • Methylotrophy and Methanotrophy

    • Methylotrophs and methanotrophs are a diverse group of microorganisms that can derive energy from the metabolism of single-carbon compounds.
    • Multiple diverse microorganisms have evolved the intriguing ability to utilize single-carbon (C1) compounds (e.g. methanol or methane) or multi-carbon compounds lacking carbon bonds (e.g. dimethyl ether and dimethylamine) as the sole energy source for their growth.
    • Methylotrophs, in general, aerobically utilize C1 compounds by oxidizing them to yield formaldehyde.
    • The fact that some methylotrophs can also make use of multi-carbon compounds distinguishes them from methanotrophs, which are usually fastidious methane and methanol oxidizers.
    • This is the general utilization pathway for C1 compounds.
  • Alphaproteobacteria

    • The Alphaproteobacteria comprise most phototrophic genera, but also several genera metabolising C1-compounds (e.g., Methylobacterium spp.), symbionts of plants (e.g., Rhizobium spp.) and animals, and a group of pathogens, the Rickettsiaceae.
  • The Complement System

    • Initiation of the classical pathway occurs when C1q, in complex with C1r and C1s serine proteases (the C1 complex), binds to the Fc region of complement-fixing antibodies (generally IgG1and IgM) attached to pathogenic surfaces.
    • Autocatalytic activation of C1r and C1s in turn cleaves C4 and C2 into larger (C4b, C2a) and smaller (C4a, C2b) fragments.
  • Scarlet Fever

    • The carboxy terminal portion of the protein exhibits extensive homology with the carboxy terminus of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins B and C1.
  • Growth Terminology

    • To produce these organic compounds it either uses energy from light (by photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions.
    • This reduction process forms an organic compound that stores chemical energy.
    • They derive their energy from chemical reactions and synthesize all necessary organic compounds from carbon dioxide.
    • They use compounds formed by autotrophs (such as carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols) as their food.
    • They are unable to fix carbon and form their own organic compounds so they must use products formed by autotrophs.
  • Citric Acid and Other Organic Compounds

    • Many organic compounds, like citric acid, are produced industrially by microorganisms.
    • Many of the cycle compounds are also needed for the synthesis of the cells' own proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
    • Microorganisms replaced the industrial chemical production of many different organic compounds, like enzymes and amino acids.
    • Explain how citric acid and other organic compounds are produced by the mold Aspergillus niger
  • Fermentation Without Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

    • Fermentation is the process of extracting energy from the oxidation of organic compounds such as carbohydrates.
    • Fermentation is the process of extracting energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound.
    • During fermentation, pyruvate is metabolised to various compounds.
    • However, more exotic compounds can be produced by fermentation, such as butyric acid and acetone.
  • Oxidation of Reduced Sulfur Compounds

    • Sulfur oxidation involves the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds, inorganic sulfur, and thiosulfate to form sulfuric acid.
    • Organic compounds are also the carbon source for biosynthesis.
    • In metabolic reactions, sulfur compounds serve as both fuels and respiratory (oxygen-alternative) materials for simple organisms.
    • Winogradsky referred to this form of metabolism as inorgoxidation (oxidation of inorganic compounds).
    • Organic compounds are also the carbon source for biosynthesis.
  • Antibiotics from Prokaryotes

    • Gramicidin is a heterogeneous mixture of six antibiotic compounds, all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D.
    • Almost all of the bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces are initiated during the time coinciding with the aerial hyphal formation from the substrate mycelium.
    • Such an example are some Pseudomonas species which produce antimicrobial compounds.
    • P. aurantiaca produces di-2,4-diacetylfluoroglucylmethane, a compound antibiotically active against Gram-positive organisms.
    • Other Pseudomonas spp. might produce compounds antagonistic to other soil microbes, such as phenazine-type antibiotics or hydrogen cyanide.
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