punishment

(noun)

The act of imposing a sanction.

Examples of punishment in the following topics:

  • Punishment as a Management Tool

    • Punishment is the imposition of a negative consequence with the goal of reducing or stopping someone's undesirable behavior.
    • In punishment, the rate of the target behavior is decreased by imposing a negative consequence (i.e., "positive punishment") or by removing a pleasant or desired stimulus (i.e., "negative punishment") immediately or shortly after each occurrence of the behavior.
    • Shocking a rat for turning left instead of right in a maze is an example of positive punishment; taking away a child's toy after he hits his brother is an example of negative punishment.
    • In a management context, punishment tools can include demotions, salary cuts, and terminations (fires).
    • Recognize the uses of punishment as a motivational tool in the context of organizational behavio
  • Operant Conditioning

    • Punishment: a negative or punishing event which causes the behavior to occur less often.
    • Positive punishment occurs when a stimulus is added, which results in the behavior occurring less often.
    • Negative punishment occurs when a stimulus is taken away, which results in the behavior occurring less often.
  • Managerial Perspectives on Motivation

    • These frameworks can be coupled with concepts of reinforcement and punishment as tools managers use to emphasize or discourage specific behaviors.
    • These include positive and negative reinforcements and positive and negative punishments.
    • As a result, a manager must recognize what level of the hierarchy an employee is on before using reinforcement or punishment.
    • Similarly, punishments can be effective in emphasizing motivational successes and failures as well.
    • In this situation, equity theory allows management to motivate through punishing employees who do not create the required returns to pay their salaries.
  • Key Behaviors of Transactional Leaders

    • Transactional leaders focus on performance, promote success with rewards and punishments, and maintain compliance with organizational norms.
    • They are extrinsic motivators who encourage success through the use of rewards and punishment.
  • Transactional Versus Transformational Leaders

    • Transactional leadership promotes compliance with existing organizational goals and performance expectations through supervision and the use of rewards and punishments.
    • Transactional leaders reward and punish in traditional ways according to organizational standards; transformational leaders attempt to achieve positive results from employees by keeping them invested in projects, leading to an internal, high-order reward system.
  • Four Theories of Leadership

    • Skinner's theory of behavior modification, which takes into account the effect of reward and punishment on changing behavior.
    • The father of behavioral theory showed the connection between behaviors and reward and punishment.
  • Sources of Power

    • These can include direct punishment or the withholding of desired resources or rewards.
    • In many circumstances, fear of social exclusion can be a much stronger motivator than some kind of physical punishment.
  • Managerial Assumption: McGregor

    • Managers in Theory X rely more heavily on punishment, fear, and coercion as motivational techniques and less on reward.
  • Assessing and Restoring Equity

    • Thus, an organization will generally reward members who treat others equitably and generally punish (increase the cost for) members who treat others inequitably.
  • Reinforcement as a Management Tool

    • Implementing rewards and punishments that parallel the organization's goals help to create a work culture and work environment that embody those goals and objectives.
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