voluntary

(noun)

A muscle movement under conscious control (e.g. deciding to move the forearm).

Related Terms

  • myocytes
  • myofibrils
  • myofilaments
  • vo
  • involunta
  • myosi
  • acti
  • myosin
  • actin
  • striated
  • involuntary
  • myofilament
  • intercalated disc
  • myofibril
  • myocyte

Examples of voluntary in the following topics:

  • Neural Mechanisms (Cortex)

    • Voluntary respiration is any type of respiration that is under conscious control.
    • Voluntary respiration is important for the higher functions that involve air supply, such as voice control or blowing out candles.
    • The primary motor cortex is the neural center for voluntary respiratory control.
    • More broadly, the motor cortex is responsible for initiating any voluntary muscular movement.
    • Different parts of the cerebral cortex control different forms of voluntary respiration.
  • Facilitating Private-Voluntary Associations

    • A second function of government is to facilitate private-voluntary associations.
    • A contract is a legally enforceable agreement, and government encourages private-voluntary associations chiefly through laws regarding contracts.
    • Without government, terms of voluntary associations would only be enforceable by the parties and their private associates, a messy and inefficient process at best.
    • Government thus allows voluntary associations on a scale otherwise impossible.
  • Market Exchange and Efficiency

    • Under these conditions, from a utilitarian perspective, no one would rationally engage in a voluntary exchange if it made them worse off.
    • Therefore, any voluntary exchange must lead to Pareto superior results.
    • Since exchanges are perceived to be voluntary, no individual would choose to make themselves worse off.
    • Voluntary markets of goods with nonattenuated property rights are consistent with the Utilitarian Ethic and Pareto Efficiency.
  • Introduction to Evaluating and Justifying Government

    • Some of our associations with government are voluntary, others are trusts, and still others are involuntary.
    • Through involuntary associations, government obtains most of the resources enabling it to induce people into voluntary associations with it.
    • The policeman is hired by government-as-contractor I; as an employee, his relationship with the government is a compound-voluntary association.
    • True, social contract theorists have argued that government is a voluntary association, as if it were a voluntary association, or ought to be a voluntary association.
    • A contract, like any other voluntary association, requires mutual consent of all the parties, not just a majority of them.
  • Voluntary, Involuntary, and Trust Associations

    • Voluntary associations, a third type, are created by the exchange or transfer of inducements or expected inducements by mutual consent.
    • Although it is a trust association between the parents (jointly) and their children, it is a voluntary association between husband and wife.
    • Voluntary associations can be far larger than a family.
    • Four of the predominant institutions in modern America—corporations, labor unions, political parties, and churches—are basically voluntary associations.
    • Hence, the definition of voluntary associations is in terms of inducements or expected inducements.
  • A Periodic Table of Associations

    • Private-Voluntary.
    • Compound-Voluntary.
    • Public-Voluntary.
    • Treaties are an example of voluntary associations between coequal, independent governments.
    • Within the US, public-voluntary associations often exist between two or more states.
  • Defecation Reflex

    • Defecation is a combination of voluntary and involuntary processes with enough force to remove waste material from the digestive system.
    • In the adult human, the process of defecation is normally a combination of both voluntary and involuntary processes with enough force to remove waste material from the digestive system.
    • Once the voluntary signal to defecate is sent back from the brain, the final phase begins.
  • Cooperation

    • There are three main types of cooperation: coerced, voluntary, and unintentional.
    • Voluntary cooperation is cooperation to which all parties consent.
    • An example of voluntary cooperation would be individuals opting to complete a group project for school when given the option of a group project or an individual project.
    • Compare the three types of cooperation (coerced, voluntary and unintentional) and why cooperation is necessary for social reality
  • Comparing the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

    • The peripheral nervous system includes both a voluntary, somatic branch and an involuntary division regulating visceral functions.
    • The somatic nervous system (SoNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.
    • The somatic nervous system controls all voluntary muscular systems within the body, and also mediates involuntary reflex arcs.
  • Voluntary Exchange

    • Voluntary exchange is believed to increase the utility of the members of society.
    • Any voluntary exchange reflects the preferences of the parties to the exchange.
    • The problem arises as to what is meant by "voluntary."
    • Some actions, such as "duress" clearly violate the concept of voluntary.
    • "Voluntary" exchange is often a matter of degree.
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