viroid

Examples of viroid in the following topics:

• Viroids

  • Viroid RNA does not code for any protein.
  • The first viroid to be identified was the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) .
  • Finally, transgenic expression of the noninfectious hpRNA of potato spindle tuber viroid develops all the corresponding viroid like symptoms.
  • The Pospiviroidae are a family of viroids, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd.
  • The Avsunviroidae are a family of viroids.

• Prions and Viroids

  • Prions are infectious particles that contain no nucleic acids, and viroids are small plant pathogens that do not encode proteins.
  • Viroids are plant pathogens: small, single-stranded, circular RNA particles that are much simpler than a virus.
  • Viroids do not, however, manufacture any proteins.
  • Human diseases caused by viroids have yet to be identified.
  • These potatoes have been infected by the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV).

• Defective Viruses

  • The hepatitis delta virus of humans has an RNA genome similar to viroids, but has a protein coat derived from hepatitis B virus and cannot produce one of its own.
  • The hepatitis delta virus of humans has an RNA genome similar to viroids, but has a protein coat derived from hepatitis B virus and cannot produce one of its own.
  • They may represent evolutionary intermediates of viroids and viruses.

• Infection

  • Infections are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, prions, bacteria, and viroids, although larger organisms like macroparasites and fungi can also cause infection.

• Penetrating Host Defenses

  • Infections are caused by pathogens such as viruses, prions, bacteria, and viroids, and larger organisms like macroparasites and fungi.