Examples of top-down in the following topics:
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- This top-down perspective leads us to think of dynamics that operate at the level of group-selection, and to focus on the constraints under which actors construct networks.
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- In the current chapter, we've approached the same issue of structuring from the "top-down" by looking at patterns of macro-structure in which individuals are embedded in non-random ways.
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- Top-level managers work at the top of organizations and guide strategy and planning.
- Top-level managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization.
- Chief Information Officer (CIO) – Sometimes referred to as the CTO (Chief Technology Officer), the CIO takes a top-down view of the technological integration of company operations and the flow of communication.
- This organizational chart shows the top-level manager for a company.
- Note that the top box, representing the top-level manager, has 12 people directly reporting to them, some of whom in turn have their own direct reports.
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- In decentralized structures, responsibility for decision making is broadly dispersed down to the lower levels of an organization.
- In decentralized structures, responsibility for decision making and accountability are broadly dispersed down to the lower levels of an organization.
- In a centralized organization, decisions are made by top executives on the basis of current policies.
- In a decentralized organization, the top executives delegate much of their decision making authority to lower tiers of the organizational structure.
- The management structure in a decentralized organization changes from a top-down approach to more of a peer-to-peer approach.
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- Starting from the top and working down, we choose $j$ to be the following samples: the first, the second, Nyquist-1, Nyquist, Nyquist+1, the last.
- Next, in Figure 4.12, we show at the top an input time series consisting of a pure sinusoid (left) and the real part of its DFT.
- At the top the input spectrum is $\delta _{i, 0}$ , in the middle $\delta _{i, 1}$ , and at the bottom, $\delta _{i, 64/2-1}$ .
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- Mind Maps break away from the linear format of PowerPoint by using graphic symbols to show connections between different ideas, allowing the presenter to show a top level map and then drill down to show details for different connecting ideas.
- For presentation slides, you can start with a general, top level map and then create additional slides to drill down to the subtopics.
- You can summarize the sub points and then go back to the main, top-level mind map to show the connection to the whole.
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- Dead space is a broken down or blocked region of the lung that produces a mismatch of air and blood in the lungs (V/Q mismatch).
- Dead space is characterized by regions of broken down or blocked lung tissue.
- As a result, the intrapleural pressure is more negative at the base of the lung than at the top; more air fills the bottom of the lung than the top.
- Likewise, it takes less energy to pump blood to the bottom of the lung than to the top when in a prone position (lying down).
- Note that this does not occur when lying down because in this position, gravity does not preferentially pull the bottom of the lung down.
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- Decentralization is the policy of delegating decision-making authority down to the lower levels in an organization.
- Decentralization is the policy of delegating decision-making authority down to the lower levels in an organization, away from senior management and more broadly across the organization.
- A decentralized organization typically has fewer tiers in its organizational structure, wider span of control, and a bottom-to-top flow of ideas an information.
- In a more decentralized organization, the top executives delegate much of their decision-making authority to lower tiers of the organizational structure.
- For example, if an experienced technician at the bottom of an organization discovers how to potentially increase the efficiency of production, the bottom-to-top flow of information can allow this knowledge to more easily be passed back up to senior management.
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- Atomic radii decrease from left to right across a period and increase from top to bottom along a group.
- The atomic radius is one such characteristic that trends across a period and down a group of the periodic table.
- Radii generally decrease from left to right along each period (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; radii increase down each group (column).
- Therefore, the additional electron of next alkali metal (one row down on the periodic table) will go into a new outer shell, accounting for the sudden increase in the atomic radius.
- The increasing nuclear charge is partly counterbalanced by the increasing number of electrons, a phenomenon that is known as shielding; this explains why the size of atoms usually increases down each column.