symbiote

Examples of symbiote in the following topics:

• The Legume-Root Nodule Symbiosis

  • Legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria called rhizobia, which create ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and help the plant.
  • Many legumes have root nodules that provide a home for symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia.
  • However, when legume plants encounter low nitrogen conditions and want to form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia they release flavinoids into the soil.
  • The relationship between a host legume and the rhizobia is symbiotic, providing benefits to both participants.

• Nitrogen Fixation: Root and Bacteria Interactions

  • Plants cannot extract the necessary nitrogen from soil, so they form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia that can fix it as ammonia.
  • The most important source of BNF is the symbiotic interaction between soil bacteria and legume plants, including many crops important to humans.
  • Soil bacteria, collectively called rhizobia, symbiotically interact with legume roots to form specialized structures called nodules in which nitrogen fixation takes place .
  • Through symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the plant benefits from using an endless source of nitrogen from the atmosphere.
  • Some common edible legumes, such as (a) peanuts, (b) beans, and (c) chickpeas, are able to interact symbiotically with soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.

• Mycorrhiza

  • A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.
  • A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic (generally mutualistic, but occasionally weakly pathogenic) association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.
  • Mycorrhizas are present in 92% of plant families studied (80% of species) , with arbuscular mycorrhizas being the ancestral and predominant form and the most prevalent symbiotic association found in the plant kingdom.

• Suppression and Alteration of Microbiota by Antimicrobials

  • This is especially a problem when broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are used, as antimicrobial treatments while helping to clear up pathogenic microbes from the body will often kill symbiotic bacteria.
  • The treatment of translocated or pathogenic bacteria may necessitate the use of antibiotics that will kill symbiotic bacteria.
  • Sometimes the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents is unavoidable; in these situations, consuming foods such as yogurt which contains beneficial bacteria can replenish the body's symbiotic microbes.
  • In extreme cases microbes can be transplanted from a healthy individual to someone with whose symbiotic microbes have been compromised.
  • The oblong structures are Escherichia coli (E. coli), a symbiotic bacteria found in the human intestinal system.

• Mycorrhizae: The Symbiotic Relationship between Fungi and Roots

  • Mycorrhizae, known as root fungi, form symbiotic associations with plant roots.

• Sea Coral and Sea Anemone Zooxanthellae

  • Zooxanthellae refers to a variety of species that form symbiotic relationships with other marine organisms, particularly coral.
  • Symbiodinium are colloquially called "zooxanthellae" (or "zoox"), and animals symbiotic with algae in this genus are said to be "zooxanthellate".

• Protists as Primary Producers, Food Sources, and Symbionts

  • In this symbiotic relationship, these protists provide nutrients for the coral polyps that house them, giving corals a boost of energy to secrete a calcium carbonate skeleton .
  • This type of symbiotic relationship is important in nutrient-poor environments.

• Symbiosis

  • Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism are three symbiotic ways organisms interact with each other with differing degrees of benefit.
  • Symbiotic relationships, or symbioses (plural), are close interactions between individuals of different species over an extended period of time which impact the abundance and distribution of the associating populations.
  • A second type of symbiotic relationship, mutualism, is where two species both benefit from their interaction.

• Symbiosis between Bacteria and Eukaryotes

  • Other bacteria live symbiotically with legume plants, providing the most important source of BNF.
  • Soil bacteria, collectively called rhizobia, are able to symbiotically interact with legumes to form nodules: specialized structures where nitrogen fixation occurs .
  • Through symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the plant benefits from using an endless source of nitrogen: the atmosphere.
  • Soybean (Glycine max) is a legume that interacts symbiotically with the soil bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum to form specialized structures on the roots called nodules where nitrogen fixation occurs.

• Endosymbiosis and the Evolution of Eukaryotes

  • Over many generations, a symbiotic relationship can result in two organisms that depend on each other so completely that neither could survive on its own.
  • Schimper had tentatively proposed that green plants arose from a symbiotic union of two organisms.
  • However, it now appears that they may be formed de novo, contradicting the idea that they have a symbiotic origin.
  • It is believed that over millennia these endosymbionts transferred some of their own DNA to the host cell's nucleus during the evolutionary transition from a symbiotic community to an instituted eukaryotic cell (called "serial endosymbiosis").