surroundings

(noun)

All parts of the universe that are not within the thermodynamic system of interest.

Examples of surroundings in the following topics:

  • Changes in the Entropy of Surroundings

    • Irreversible reactions result in a change in entropy to the surroundings.
    • Since the gas does no work on the surroundings in a free expansion (the external pressure is zero, so PΔV = 0,), there will be a permanent change in the surroundings.
    • The heat from the surroundings (entropy) goes into the ice water and the ice melts.
    • The entropy of the ice water increases while the entropy of the surroundings decreases.
    • Distinguish whether or not entropy of surroundings changes in various reactions
  • Arrangement of Fascicles

    • Skeletal muscles are grouped into fascicles, which are bunches of muscle fibers surrounded by a perimysium.
    • This fascia is interlinked with a serious of fascia found throughout the body, including the superficial fascia which is the lowermost layer of the skin and the visceral fascia which surrounds internal organs.
    • The fascia surrounding a muscle or muscle group does not contain many blood vessels, but is rich with sensory receptors.
    • Skeletal muscle is surrounded by a thick outer layer of connective tissue termed the fascia.
    • Each fascicle is surrounded by another layer of connective tissue termed the endomysium.
  • The First Law of Thermodynamics

    • Thermodynamics often divides the universe into two categories: the system and its surroundings.
    • Conversely, in an exothermic reaction, the heat that is released in the reaction is given off and absorbed by the surroundings.
    • We know that chemical systems can either absorb heat from their surroundings, if the reaction is endothermic, or release heat to their surroundings, if the reaction is exothermic.
    • A basic diagram showing the fundamental distinction between the system and its surroundings in thermodynamics.
    • The powerful chemical reaction propelling the rocket lets off tremendous heat to the surroundings and does work on the surroundings (the rocket) as well.
  • Serosa

    • For the heart, the surrounding serous membranes include: outer, inner, parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium (epicardium).
    • The pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart), pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs) and peritoneal cavity (surrounding most organs of the abdomen) are the three serous cavities within the human body.
    • The serous cavities are formed from the intraembryonic coelom and are basically an empty space within the body surrounded by serous membrane.
    • Therefore each organ becomes surrounded by serous membrane - they do not lie within the serous cavity.
  • Serous Membranes

    • The pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart), pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs), and peritoneal cavity (surrounding most organs of the abdomen) are the three serous cavities within the human body.
    • The pericardial cavity (surrounding the heart), pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs) , and peritoneal cavity (surrounding most organs of the abdomen) are the three serous cavities within the human body .
    • The serous cavities are formed from the intraembryonic coelom and are basically an empty space within the body, surrounded by serous membrane.
    • Therefore, each organ becomes surrounded by serous membrane; they do not lie within the serous cavity.
  • Performed individually

    • Subjective stimuli: Observations about an individual's surrounding environment and nature made by the individual, as well as more affective and temporal judgments about things not really seen but that are definitely felt.
  • The Three Laws of Thermodynamics

    • In order to avoid confusion, scientists discuss thermodynamic values in reference to a system and its surroundings.
    • Everything that is not a part of the system constitutes its surroundings.
    • The system and surroundings are separated by a boundary.
    • Everything outside of the boundary is considered the surroundings, which would include the container itself.
    • The boundary must be clearly defined, so one can clearly say whether a given part of the world is in the system or in the surroundings.
  • Comparison of Enthalpy to Internal Energy

    • The outer edge of the system is referred to as its boundary, which often separates the system from the surroundings.
    • Exchanges of work, heat, or matter between the system and surroundings generally take place across the boundary.
    • In contrast, the internal energies of both open and closed systems can change because they can exchange heat and work with their surroundings.
    • Enthalpy (H) encompasses both the internal energy of a system and the energy associated with displacing the system's surroundings.
    • However, in open systems, the pressure of the system and the surroundings has stayed constant.
  • Changes in Temperature

    • Reactions with positive enthalpies—those that absorb heat from their surroundings—are known as endothermic.
    • In contrast, reactions with negative enthalpies—those that release heat into their surroundings—are known as exothermic.
    • Endothermic reactions, on the other hand, will be shifted towards product formation as heat is removed from the reaction's surrounding environment.
  • Tenosynovitis

    • Tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.
    • Tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.
Subjects
  • Accounting
  • Algebra
  • Art History
  • Biology
  • Business
  • Calculus
  • Chemistry
  • Communications
  • Economics
  • Finance
  • Management
  • Marketing
  • Microbiology
  • Physics
  • Physiology
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Statistics
  • U.S. History
  • World History
  • Writing

Except where noted, content and user contributions on this site are licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 with attribution required.