rib

Examples of rib in the following topics:

• Thoracic Cage: Ribs

  • Ribs are long, curved bones that form the rib cage surrounding the thorax.
  • The head of the rib is the most posterior region of the rib and articulates with the vertebral column.
  • Finally, the last two ribs are termed floating ribs because they do not attach to the sternum at all.
  • Rib 1 is the shortest and most curved of the ribs.
  • Descending from rib 1, the ribs increase in size up until rib 7 before decreasing in length again.

• Rib Fracture, Dislocation, and Separation

  • A rib fracture is a break or fracture in one or more of the bones making up the rib cage.
  • Fractures of the first and second ribs may be more likely to be associated with head and facial injuries than are other rib fractures.
  • The middle ribs are the ones most commonly fractured.
  • The most-commonly fractured ribs are the 7th and 10th.
  • Rib fractures are usually quite painful because the ribs have to move to allow for breathing.

• Thoracic Cage: Sternum

  • The sternum or breastbone is a long, flat, bony plate connected to the rib bones via cartilage that forms the anterior section of the rib cage.
  • Together with the anterior ribs it helps to protect the heart and lungs from damage, as well as facilitates the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during respiration.
  • The manubrium is the most superior region of the sternum and articulates with the clavicles or collarbones and the first pair of ribs.
  • Located below the manubrium, the gladiolus is the longest portion of the sternum and articulates with the ribs, either directly or indirectly, through the costal cartilage

• Anterior Muscles

  • Attachments – The pectoralis minor originates from the third to fifth ribs and attaches to the scapula.
  • All intercostal muscles originate on the lower border of a rib and attach to the upper border of the rib below.
  • Attaches to the lower ribs and forms an aponeurosis toward the midline and linea alba.
  • Attachments – Originates from the pubis and attaches to the lower edge of the rib cage and sternum.
  • The intercostals are muscles between the ribs that form the chest cavity wall.

• Overview of the Axial Skeleton

  • It is composed of: the human skull, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone of the throat, the rib cage (including the sternum), and the vertebral column.
  • The human rib cage, also known as the thoracic cage, is a bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic cavity and supports the pectoral girdle, forming a core portion of the human skeleton.
  • A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs, the sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae .

• The Axial Skeleton

  • The rib cage is composed of 25 bones that include the 12 pairs of ribs plus the sternum.
  • The first seven pairs of ribs attach to the sternum with costal cartilage and are known as true ribs.
  • After rib seven, the size begins to decrease.
  • The 8th through 10th ribs have noncostal cartilage that connects them to the ribs above.
  • The last two ribs are called floating ribs because they do not attach to the sternum or to other ribs.

• Human Axial Skeleton

  • It consists of the ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilages .
  • The ribs are 12 pairs of long, curved bones that attach to the thoracic vertebrae and curve toward the front of the body, forming the ribcage.
  • Costal cartilages connect the anterior ends of the ribs to the sternum, with the exception of rib pairs 11 and 12, which are free-floating ribs.
  • The thoracic cage, or rib cage, protects the heart and the lungs.
  • The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and rib cage.

• Inspiration

  • External intercostal muscles: muscles located in between the ribs that help the thoracic cavity (and thus pleural cavity) to expand during quiet and forced inspiration.
  • Scalene muscles: muscles in the neck that lift the upper ribs (and thoracic cavity around the upper ribs) to help with breathing.
  • They can life the upper ribs like the scalene muscles can.
  • A common problem in novice singers is breathing with the accessory muscles of the neck, shoulder, and ribs instead of the diaphragm, which gives them a much smaller air supply than what is needed to sing properly.

• Posterior Muscles

  • Attachments – The latissimus dorsi originates from the lower spine and ribs and the upper pelvis and fascia of the deep trunk muscles.
  • Attachments - Originates from the lower spine and attaches to ribs 2 through 5.
  • Attachments - Originates from the spine and attaches to ribs 9 through 12.
  • Attachments -Originates from the common tendon and attaches to the ribs and lower neck.
  • Attachments - Originates from the common tendon and attaches to the lower ribs, spine, and skull.

• Cartilaginous Joints: Synchodroses

  • A synchondrosis joint is the first sternocostal joint (where the first rib meets the sternum).
  • In this example, the rib articulates with the sternum via the costal cartilage.