proliferation

(noun)

The process by which an organism produces others of its kind; breeding, propagation, procreation, reproduction.

Examples of proliferation in the following topics:

  • Nuclear Proliferation

  • Growth Factors

    • A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation and cellular differentiation.
    • A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation and cellular differentiation such as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a growth factor which stimulates the production of white blood cells.
    • This chart shows the complexity of interactions, and the multitude of growth factors that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells that is common to all cell types.
    • The majority of growth factors shown above are cytokines such as GM-CSF, however the hormone EPO secreted by the kidney plays a key role in erythrocyte (red blood cell) proliferation.
  • Nuclear Weapons

    • The proliferation of nuclear weapons, explosive devices which derive force from nuclear reactions, is a key challenge of foreign policy.
    • The proliferation of nuclear weapons, explosive devices which derive their destructive force from nuclear reactions (either fission or a combination of fission and fusion), is an important challenge of foreign policy.
    • By the 1960s, steps were being taken to limit both the proliferation of nuclear weapons to other countries and the environmental effects of nuclear testing.
    • The Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963) restricted all nuclear testing to underground facilities, to prevent contamination from nuclear fallout, while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968) attempted to place restrictions on the types of activities signatories could participate in, with the goal of allowing the transference of non-military nuclear technology to member countries without fear of proliferation.
  • Low Temperatures

    • Low temperatures usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria.
    • Low temperatures usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria.
    • Fridge temperatures inhibit the proliferation of bacteria better than molds and fungi.
  • Technology as a Driver and Enabler of Innovation

    • Technology is a powerful driver of both the evolution and proliferation of innovation.
    • Technology in particular is a powerful driving force in innovative capacity, particularly as it pertains to both the evolution of innovations and the way they proliferate.
    • The proliferation of innovation pertains to two important factors of technology driving innovation: the creation of geographic hubs for technology and empowerment of knowledge exchange through communication and transportation.
  • Thymus

    • These T cells are long-lived and can proliferate by homeostatic proliferation throughout the lifetime of the patient.
    • The cortex is the site of T-cell generation and proliferation, while the medulla is connecting to the venous bloodstream and allows for transport of mature inactive T-cells to the lymph nodes, as well as transport of immature T-cells from bone marrow tissue into the thymus cortex for proliferation and maturation.
    • The thymus provides an environment for T-cells to mature and proliferate.
  • Making Memory B Cells

    • In the wake of the first (primary response) infection involving a particular antigen, the responding naïve cells (ones which have never been exposed to the antigen) proliferate to produce a colony of cells.
    • Each time these cells are induced to proliferate due to an infection, the genetic region coding for the paratope undergoes spontaneous mutations with a frequency of about 1 in every 1600 cell divisions.
    • Some of the resulting paratopes (and the cells elaborating them) have a better affinity for the antigen (actually, the epitope) and are more likely to proliferate than the others.
  • Lymphoid Tissue

    • The tissues of lymphoid organs are different than the tissues in most other organ systems because different tissues within the system vary considerably based on cell cycle proliferation of lymphocytes.
    • The function of specialized lymphoid tissue is to support proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes.
    • The lymphatic endothelial cells proliferate into sacs that eventually become lymph nodes, with the afferent and efferent vessels that flow out from the lymph nodes.
  • Medical Uses of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

    • Hemopoetic growth factors regulate the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of progenitor cells in the blood and bone marrow.
    • Hemopoietic growth factors regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells.
  • Block Books

    • The mass production of paper in 15th-century Europe opened the door for the proliferation of printed books.
    • The increasing mass production of paper, coupled with the invention of the printing press in 15th-century Europe, opened the doors for the proliferation of printed books.
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