percent yield

Examples of percent yield in the following topics:

• Calculating Theoretical and Percent Yield

  • The percent yield of a reaction measures the reaction's efficiency.
  • Then, percent yield can be calculated.
  • If 18.0 grams were actually produced, the percent yield could be calculated:
  • It also shows how to calculate the limiting reactant and the percent yield in a chemical reaction.
  • Calculate the percent yield of a reaction, distinguishing from theoretical and actual yield.

• Calculating the Yield of an Annuity

  • The yield of an annuity is commonly found using either the percent change in the value from PV to FV, or the internal rate of return.
  • The yield of annuity can be calculated in similar ways to the yield for a single payment, but two methods are most common.
  • Calculate the yield of an annuity using the internal rate of return method

• Calculating the Yield of a Single-Period Investment

  • The whole point of making an investment is to get a yield.
  • There are a number of different ways to calculate an investment's yield, though.
  • The most basic type of yield calculation is the change-in-value calculation.
  • The EAR is a form of the Annual Percentage Yield (APY).
  • The percent change in value is the change in value from PV to FV (V2 to V1) divided by PV (V1) times 100%.

• ATP Yield

  • Another factor that affects the yield of ATP molecules generated from glucose is the fact that intermediate compounds in these pathways are used for other purposes.
  • Overall, in living systems, these pathways of glucose catabolism extract about 34 percent of the energy contained in glucose.
  • Glycolysis on the left portion of this illustration can be seen to yield 2 ATP molecules, while the Electron Transport Chain portion at the upper right will yield the remaining 30-32 ATP molecules under the presence of oxygen.

• Eratosthenes' Experiment

  • Placing these numbers in the equation yields:
  • Thus, supposing 3963 miles is the actual radius, the percent error of Eratosthenes' measurement was:
  • $Percent \; Error = \left(\frac{3979 - 3963}{3963}\right) \times 100\% \cong 0.4\%$
  • Thus his measurement of the Earth circumference (some 2000 years ago) was in error: Less than actual by only one-tenth of a percent.

• Measuring the Price Elasticity of Demand

  • The formula above usually yields a negative value because of the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded .
  • For example, if the price of a good increases by 5 percent and the quantity demanded decreases by 5 percent, then the elasticity at the initial price and quantity is -5%/5% = -1.
  • Since PED is based off of percent changes, the starting nominal quantity and price matter.
  • PED is based off of percent changes, so the starting nominal values of price and quantity are significant.

• Properties of Hydrogen

  • At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen gas consists of 75 percent orthohydrogen and 25 percent parahydrogen.
  • Hydrogen gas (H2) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4 percent and 75 percent by volume.
  • Hydrogen gas can also explode in a mixture of chlorine (from 5 to 95 percent).
  • Oxidation of hydrogen removes its electron and yields the H+ ion.
  • Hydrogen naturally exists as three isotopes, denoted 1H, 2H, and 3H. 1H occurs at 99.98 percent abundance and has the formal name protium. 2H is known as deuterium and contains one electron, one proton, and one neutron (mass number = 2).

• Yield to Maturity

  • The formula for yield to maturity:
  • Yield to put: same as yield to call, but when the bond holder has the option to sell the bond back to the issuer at a fixed price on specified date.
  • Yield to worst: when a bond is callable, puttable, exchangeable, or has other features, the yield to worst is the lowest yield of yield to maturity, yield to call, yield to put, and others.
  • The current yield is 5.56% ((5/90)*100).
  • Classify a bond based on its market value and Yield to Maturity

• The Yield Curve

  • Based on the shape of the yield curve, we have normal yield curves, steep yield curves, flat or humped yield curves, and inverted yield curves .
  • The yield curve is normal meaning that yields rise as maturity lengthens (i.e., the slope of the yield curve is positive).
  • Sometimes, treasury bond yield averages higher than that of treasury bills (e.g. 20-year Treasury yield rises higher than the three-month Treasury yield).
  • An inverted yield curve occurs when long-term yields fall below short-term yields.
  • Because of the term premium, long-term bond yields tend to be higher than short-term yields, and the yield curve slopes upward.

• Accuracy, Precision, and Error

  • If you have actually done this in the laboratory, you will know it is highly unlikely that the second trial will yield the same result as the first.