paracrine signaling

(noun)

a form of cell signaling in which the target cell is near (para = near) the signal-releasing cell

Related Terms

  • endocrine signaling
  • autocrine signaling

Examples of paracrine signaling in the following topics:

  • Forms of Signaling

    • The major types of signaling mechanisms that occur in multicellular organisms are paracrine, endocrine, autocrine, and direct signaling.
    • There are four categories of chemical signaling found in multicellular organisms: paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling, autocrine signaling, and direct signaling across gap junctions .
    • Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called paracrine signals.
    • Paracrine signals move by diffusion through the extracellular matrix.
    • One example of paracrine signaling is the transfer of signals across synapses between nerve cells.
  • Bone Remodeling

    • Osteoblasts and osteoclasts, coupled together via paracrine cell signaling, are referred to as bone remodeling units.
    • The cells also use paracrine signalling to control the activity of each other.
    • Both processes utilize cytokine (TGF-β, IGF) signalling.
  • Chemistry of Hormones

    • In essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one cell to another.
    • The hormone binds to the receptor protein, resulting in the activation of a signal transduction mechanism that ultimately leads to cell type-specific responses.
    • Endocrine hormone molecules are secreted (released) directly into the bloodstream, or simply diffuse through the interstitial spaces to nearby target tissues (paracrine signalling).
  • Glandular Epithelia

    • It secretes its essential product without the use of a duct directly into the bloodstream or else by diffusion into its surrounding tissue (paracrine signaling) where it often affects only target cells near the release site.
  • Stages of Bone Development

    • Osteoblasts and osteoclasts, coupled together via paracrine cell signalling, are referred to as bone remodeling unit.
    • Both processes utilize cytokine (TGF-β, IGF) signalling.
  • Eicosanoids

    • The eicosanoids are signaling molecules that exert complex control over many bodily systems, mainly in inflammation or immunity.
    • In biochemistry, eicosanoids (preferred IUPAC name: icosanoids) are signaling molecules made by oxidation of 20 carbon essential fatty acids, EFAs.
    • In humans, eicosanoids are local hormones that are released by most cells, act on that same cell or nearby cells (i.e., they are autocrine and paracrine mediators), and then are rapidly inactivated.
  • Target Cell Specificity

    • In essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one cell to another.
    • Receptors are protein molecules to which one or more specific kinds of signaling molecules may attach.
    • Paracrine action: the hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighborhood.
  • Mammary Glands

    • In this stage, mammary gland development depends on systemic (and maternal) hormones, but is also under the local regulation of paracrine communication between neighboring epithelial and mesenchymal cells by parathyroid hormone-related protein.
    • In gestation, serum progesterone remains at a stably high concentration so signaling through its receptor is continuously activated.
    • As one of the transcribed genes, Wnts secreted from mammary epithelial cells act paracrinely to induce more neighboring cells branching.
  • Types of Cells in the Pancreas

    • The islets of Langerhans can influence each other through paracrine and autocrine communication.
    • The paracrine feedback system is based on the following correlations: the insulin hormone activates beta cells and inhibits alpha cells.
  • Termination of the Signal Cascade

    • Signal cascades convey signals to the cell through the phosphorylation of molecules by kinases.
    • Ligand binding to the receptor allows for signal transduction through the cell.
    • The chain of events that conveys the signal through the cell is called a signaling pathway or cascade.
    • The aberrant signaling often seen in tumor cells is proof that the termination of a signal at the appropriate time can be just as important as the initiation of a signal.
    • Describe the process by which the signal cascade in cell communication is terminated
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