ostracism

(noun)

A procedure under Athenian democracy by which any citizen could be expelled from the city-state of Athens for ten years.

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Examples of ostracism in the following topics:

  • Sanctions

    • With informal sanctions, ridicule or ostracism can cause a straying individual to realign behavior toward group norms.
    • If a young boy is caught skipping school, and his peers ostracize him for his deviant behavior, they are exercising an informal sanction on him.
  • Influence of Culture on Emotion

    • Cultures also differ in the social consequences that they assign to different emotions: in the United States, men are often directly or indirectly ostracized for crying; in the Utku Eskimo population, the expression of anger can result in social ostracism.
  • Gender Socialization

    • Boys and girls who do not conform to gender stereotypes are usually ostracized by same-age peers for being different.
  • The Law as an Instrument of Oppression

    • Oppression is rarely limited solely to formal government action: An individual may be the particular focus of oppression or persecution, and in such circumstances, have no group membership in which to share, and thus maybe mitigate the burden of ostracism.
  • Norms

    • By ignoring or breaking social norms, one risks facing formal sanctions or quiet disapproval, finding oneself unpopular with or ostracized from a group.
  • Ethics

    • Sociologists who manipulate their data are ostracized and can have their memberships in professional organizations revoked.
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Deficiencies with respect to this aspect of Maslow's hierarchy – due to hospitalism, neglect, shunning, ostracism etc. – can impact individual's ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general.
    • Deficiencies in interpersonal needs, due to neglect, shunning, ostracism, etc., can impact an individual's ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general, such as:
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Deficiencies such as hospitalization, neglect, or ostracization can impact an individual's ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships.
  • White Society in the South

    • For a typical white Southerner, this meant that so much as casting a ballot against the wishes of the establishment meant running the risk of social ostracism.
  • Sexual Harrassment

    • Weakening of support network, or being ostracized from professional or academic circles (friends, colleagues, or family may distance themselves from the victim, or shun him or her altogether);
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