mantle

Examples of mantle in the following topics:

• Phylum Mollusca

  • Mollusks have a soft body and share several characteristics, including a muscular foot, a visceral mass of internal organs, and a mantle.
  • In spite of their tremendous diversity, however, they also share a few key characteristics, including a muscular foot, a visceral mass containing internal organs, and a mantle that may or may not secrete a shell of calcium carbonate .
  • It is the ventral-most organ, whereas the mantle is the limiting dorsal organ.
  • The mantle cavity develops independently of the coelomic cavity.
  • The mantle (also known as the pallium) is the dorsal epidermis in mollusks; shelled mollusks are specialized to secrete a chitinous and hard calcareous shell.

• Classification of Phylum Mollusca

  • They have a rudimentary mantle cavity and lack eyes, tentacles, and nephridia (excretory organs).
  • The mantle cavity encloses the ctenidia (singluar: ctenidium) as well as a pair of nephridia (singular: nephridium).
  • Ctenidia are enclosed in a large mantle cavity serviced by blood vessels, each with its own associated heart.
  • The mantle has siphonophores that facilitate exchange of water.
  • A pair of nephridia is present within the mantle cavity.

• Weight of the Earth

  • Thus, if a spherically symmetric body has a uniform core and a uniform mantle with a density that is less than $\frac{2}{3}$ of that of the core, then the gravity initially decreases outwardly beyond the boundary, and if the sphere is large enough, further outward the gravity increases again, and eventually it exceeds the gravity at the core/mantle boundary.
  • The gravity of the Earth may be highest at the core/mantle boundary, as shown in Figure 1:

• Mycorrhizae: The Symbiotic Relationship between Fungi and Roots

  • Ectomycorrhizae form an extensive dense sheath around the roots, called a mantle .
  • Hyphae from the fungi extend from the mantle into the soil, which increases the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
  • Ectomycorrhizae form sheaths, called a mantle, around the roots of plants, as shown in this image.

• Squid-Aliivibrio Symbiosis

  • Aliivibrio fischeri inhabits a special light organ in the squid's mantle.
  • The bacteria inhabits a special light organ in the squid's mantle and receives sugars and amino acids in exchange for light.

• The Chimu

  • The Chimú are known for their artisanal works, such as this mantle spun of multiple colored fibers sometime from 1000-1476 CE.

• Thinking Politically

  • Marble, Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by Lysippos from 330 BC; the alabaster mantle is a modern addition.

• The Carbon Cycle

  • Much of the earth's carbon is stored in the mantle, and has been there since the earth formed.

• Spinal Cord White Matter

  • The cerebellum is structured in a similar manner as the cerebrum, with a superficial mantle of cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar white matter (called the "arbor vitae") and aggregates of grey matter surrounded by deep cerebellar white matter (dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, and fastigial nucleus).

• Mutualistic Relationships with Fungi and Fungivores

  • Ectomycorrhizae ("outside" mycorrhiza) depend on fungi enveloping the roots in a sheath (called a mantle) and a Hartig net of hyphae that extends into the roots between cells .