leavening agent

Examples of leavening agent in the following topics:

• Edible Fungi

  • The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as leavening agentfor the production of bread since ancient times.
  • Other yeasts and some bacteria can be used as leavening agents too.

• Importance of Fungi in Human Life

  • For example, the fungus Beauveria bassiana is a pesticide being tested as a possible biological control agent for the recent spread of emerald ash borer .
  • A small piece of this leavened dough was saved and used as a starter (source of the same yeast) for the next batch, much in the same way sourdough bread is made today.

• Principle-Agent Problem

  • The principle-agent problem (agency dilemma) exists when conflicts of interest arise between a principal and an agent in a business setting.
  • In economics, the principal-agent problem (also known as an agency dilemma) exists when conflicts of interest arise between a principal and an agent in a business setting .
  • This connection sets the standard for judging the performance of the agent.
  • The diagram shows the basic idea of the principle agent problem.
  • P is the principle and A is the agent.

• Fermented Foods

  • Fermentation is also employed in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity); in preservation techniques to produce lactic acid in sour foods such as sauerkraut, dry sausages, kimchi, and yogurt; and in the pickling of foods with vinegar (acetic acid).

• Biological Control of Microbes

  • Those that result in bacterial death are called bactericidal agents.
  • Those causing temporary inhibition of growth are bacteriostatic agents.
  • No single antimicrobial agent is most effective for use in all situations - different situations may call for different agents.
  • A number of factors affect selection of the best agent for any given situation - Antimicrobial agents must be selected with specific organisms and environmental conditions in mind.
  • Once an agent has been selected, it is important to evaluate it's effectiveness.

• Agents

  • A decision also implies the existence of an agent.
  • In the case of an agent or agents representing a principal, there may be a conflict or incompatibility among their objectives.
  • This is referred to as the principal/agent problem.
  • The agent has a conflict of interest.
  • A stockbroker acts as an agent for an investor; a doctor may act as the agent for a patient.

• Antisense Agents

  • Antisense agents are short oligonucleotides that bind to target messenger RNA and inhibit protein synthesis.
  • When this agent binds to the pathogen DNA or messenger RNA, the biosynthesis of target proteins is disrupted.
  • A limiting factor in their potential application as therapeutic agents for bacterial infections is their poor uptake by bacterial cells.
  • Antisense agents also exhibit efficacy in broader clinical applications such as cancer therapy.
  • Discuss the mechanism of antisense agents and the advantages and disadvantages of antisense therapy

• Overview of Reducing Agents

  • Note that Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4) is the strongest reducing agent listed, and it reduces all the substrates.

• Early Biotechnology: Cheese, Bread, Wine, Beer, and Yogurt

  • Bread-making also uses the fermentation of yeast and some bacteria for leavening and flavor.

• A Taxonomy of Knowledge

  • Knowledge about baking includes an understanding of the effects of altitude, leavening, moisture, temperature, gluten and a host of other phenomena on cakes.