"iron curtain"

Examples of "iron curtain" in the following topics:

• The Iron Curtain

  • On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union.
  • On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances:
  • The antagonism between the Soviet Union and the West that came to be described as the "iron curtain" had various origins.
  • From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "Iron Curtain" has descended across the continent.
  • The Iron Curtain depicted as a black line.

• The Postwar Economy: 1945-1960

  • As the Iron Curtain descended across Europe and the United States found itself embroiled in a cold war with the Soviet Union, the government maintained substantial fighting capacity and invested in sophisticated weapons such as the hydrogen bomb.

• Origins of the Cold War

  • On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill gave a speech declaring that an "iron curtain" had descended across Europe.
  • This metaphorical curtain divided east from west, leaving those nations behind it "subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow."

• Changes in Technology

  • Building materials spawned by the Industrial Revolution, such as iron, steel, and sheet glass, determined new architectural techniques.
  • In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his "fireproof" design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flagstone floors.
  • Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills collapsed.
  • It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction.
  • It was followed in 1864 by the first glass and metal curtain wall.

• The Iron Cycle

  • Iron (Fe) follows a geochemical cycle like many other nutrients.
  • The Terrestrial Iron Cycle: In terrestrial ecosystems, plants first absorb iron through their roots from the soil.
  • Iron is required to produce chlorophyl, and plants require sufficient iron to perform photosynthesis.
  • Animals acquire iron when they consume plants, and iron is utilized by vertebrates in hemoglobin, the oxygen-binding protein found in red blood cells.
  • The Marine Iron Cycle: The oceanic iron cycle is similar to the terrestrial iron cycle, except that the primary producers that absorb iron are typically phytoplankton or cyanobacteria.

• Changes to Iron Production

• Iron

  • Fresh iron surfaces appear lustrous silvery-gray but oxidize in normal air to give iron oxides, also known as rust.
  • Unlike many other metals which form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than iron metal.
  • The iron compounds produced on the largest scale in industry are iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3).
  • Iron(II) compounds tend to be oxidized to iron(III) compounds in the air.
  • Iron reacts with oxygen in the air to form various oxide and hydroxide compounds; the most common are iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4) and iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3).

• Iron Oxidation

  • Ferric iron is an anaerobic terminal electron acceptor, with the final enzyme a ferric iron reductase.
  • Since some ferric iron-reducing bacteria (e.g.
  • Ferrous iron is a soluble form of iron that is stable at extremely low pHs or under anaerobic conditions.
  • There are three distinct types of ferrous iron-oxidizing microbes.
  • Outline the purpose of iron oxidation and the three types of ferrous iron-oxidizing microbes (acidophiles, microaerophiles and anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria)

• Iron Overload and Tissue Damage

  • Iron overload, also known as hemochromatosis, is an accumulation of iron in the body and can lead to tissue and organ damage.
  • Thus, many methods of iron storage have developed.
  • In medicine, iron overload indicates accumulation of iron in the body from any cause.
  • Once iron and other markers are within the normal range, phlebotomies may be scheduled every other month or every three months depending upon the patient's rate of iron loading.
  • Discuss the causes of iron overload and the resulting tissue damage

• Siderophores

  • Siderophores produce specific proteins and some siderophores form soluble iron complexes to aid in iron acquisition for survival.
  • The siderophores are then utilized by the pathogen to obtain iron.
  • Therefore, siderophores are chelating agents that bind the iron ions.
  • In iron deficient environments, the siderophores are released and allow for the formation of water soluble-Fe3+ complexes to increase iron acquisition.
  • The iron will then be utilized in numerous cellular processes.