interferon

(noun)

Any of a group of glycoproteins, produced by the immune system, that prevent viral replication in infected cells.

Related Terms

  • microorganism
  • superantigen
  • Kawasaki disease
  • host
  • foot and mouth disease

Examples of interferon in the following topics:

  • Interferons

    • Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens.
    • The type I interferons present in humans are IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-ω.
    • Interferon type II: These bind to IFNGR that consist of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 chains.
    • In addition, interferons induce production of hundreds of other proteins—known collectively as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)—that have roles in combating viruses.
    • Interferons, such as interferon gamma, directly activate other immune cells, such as macrophages and natural killer cells.
  • Pathogen Recognition

    • A second class of cytokines is interferons , which are released by infected cells as a warning to nearby uninfected cells.
    • A function an interferons is to inhibit viral replication, making them particularly effective against viruses.
    • Interferons are cytokines that are released by a cell infected with a virus.
    • The response of neighboring cells to interferons helps stem the infection.
    • Describe the role of PAMPs and PRRs, interferons, and other cytokines in innate immunity
  • Treatment of Animal Viral Infections

    • Interferons play pivotal roles in shaping the immune responses in mammals.
    • One of the best-known of this class of drugs are interferons, which inhibit viral synthesis in infected cells.
    • Interferons (IFNs) play pivotal roles in shaping the immune responses in mammals and are particularly important for the control of viral infections, cell growth, and immune regulation.
    • Elucidating the molecular and cellular biology of the virus-interferon interaction is key to understanding issues such as viral pathogenesis, latency, and the development of novel antivirals.
  • Types of Cytokines Participating in Immune Response

    • Interferons are protein cytokines that have anti-viral functions.
    • IFN-gamma is a common example of an interferon in the immune system.
  • Intramuscular Injections

    • Compunds and drugs that are administered via IM injection include: Codeine, Morphine, Methotrexate, Metoclopramide, Olanzapine, Streptomycin, Diazepam, Prednisone, Penicillin, Interferon beta-1a, Sex hormones, such as Testosterone, Estradiol Valerate, and Depo Provera Dimercaprol, Ketamine, Lupron, Naloxone, and Quinine, in its gluconate form Vitamin B12, also known as cyanocobalamin.
  • Macrophages

    • Most macrophages express high levels of interferon-gamma, a mechanism through which antigen presentation and T cell activation is enhanced.
  • Immunoassays for Disease

    • The humoral component includes complement, lyzozyme, interferon, antibodies, and cytokines.
  • Superantigens

    • More importantly, the large number of activated T-cells secretes large amounts of cytokines, the most important of which is Interferon gamma.
  • Natural Passive Immunity

    • In addition to the IgA and IgG, human milk also contains: oligosaccharides and mucins that adhere to bacteria and viruses to interfere with their attachment to host cells; lactoferrin to bind iron and make it unavailable to most bacteria; B12 binding protein to deprive bacteria of needed vitamin B12; bifidus factor that promotes the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus, normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract of infants that crowds out harmful bacteria; fibronectin that increases the antimicrobial activity of macrophages and helps repair tissue damage from infection in the gastrointestinal tract; gamma-interferon, a cytokine that enhances the activity of certain immune cells; hormones and growth factors that stimulate the baby's gastrointestinal tract to mature faster and be less susceptible to infection; and lysozyme to break down peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.
  • Normal Microbiota and Host Relationships

    • Different interferons (IgA, IgG, IgM, etc. ) play roles in defeating viruses located in our membranes.
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