Examples of influenza in the following topics:
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- Although it is often confused with other influenza-like illnesses, especially the common cold, influenza is a more severe disease than the common cold.
- The general symptoms of influenza are summarized in .
- Typically, this vaccine includes material from two influenza A virus subtypes and one influenza B virus strain.
- The viral particles of all influenza viruses are similar in composition.
- Symptoms of influenza with fever and cough the most common symptoms.
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- Influenza is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza viruses .
- Although it is often confused with other influenza-like illnesses, especially the common cold, influenza is a more severe disease caused by a different type of virus.
- Influenza viruses can be inactivated by sunlight, disinfectants and detergents.
- Typically, this vaccine includes material from two influenza A virus subtypes and one influenza B virus strain.
- TEM of negatively stained influenza virions, magnified approximately 100,000 times.
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- Influenza A follows the typical life cycle of most influenza virus: infection and replication are a multi-step process.
- Influenza A follows the typical life cycle of most influenza viruses.
- After the release of new influenza viruses, the host cell dies.
- Host invasion and replication cycle of an influenza virus.
- Contrast the roles of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase throughout the major stages of the replicative cycle of influenza A virus
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- For influenza viral propagation to begin, there first must be viron attachment and entry into a host cell.
- One of the best understood examples of virus entry into the host cell is the influenza viral infection.
- The glycoprotein responsible for attachment on the surface of an influenza viral particle is hemagglutinin (HA).
- A depiction of the different structures present on and in an influenza virus.
- Explain the role of hemagglutinin in the attachment and entry processes of influenza virus
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- Antigenic drift occurs in both influenza A and influenza B viruses.
- When this happens with influenza viruses, pandemics might result.
- Antigenic shift occurs only in influenza A because it infects more than just humans.
- Influenza B and C principally infect humans, minimizing the chance that a reassortment will change its phenotype drastically.
- For example, if a pig was infected with a human influenza virus and an avian influenza virus at the same time, an antigenic shift could occur, producing a new virus that had most of the genes from the human virus, but a hemagglutinin or neuraminidase from the avian virus.
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- The Spanish
Flu of 1918 was a global influenza pandemic that killed millions more people
than the Great War.
- In 1918, an influenza pandemic that
became known as "Spanish Flu" or "Spanish Influenza" spread
across the globe.
- The Spanish Flu was a H1N1 influenza virus, which is a
subtype of Influenza A with strains that can appear in humans and animals.
- In Philadelphia, 4,597 people died in the week
ending October 16, but by November 11, influenza had almost disappeared from
the city.
- This woman wears a mask to help protect against contagion during the Spanish influenza epidemic.
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- ., influenza), or spread to a new population (e.g., West Nile virus), or to an area undergoing ecologic transformation (e.g., Lyme disease).
- For comparison, the fatality of influenza is usually under 0.03% (primarily among the elderly), but rose to 2% during the most severe pandemic to date.
- During the initial infection a person may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.
- Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza viruses.
- Although it is often confused with other influenza-like illnesses, especially the common cold, influenza is a more severe disease caused by a different type of virus.
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- Drugs that can perform such functions are used against the influenza virus, rhinoviruses (the cause of the common cold), and enteroviruses (gastrointestinal infections, meningitis, etc.).
- An example of such a drug is Rimantadine, which blocks the ion channel in the influenza virus .
- Neuraminidase is an enzyme on the capsid of influenza virus .
- Tamiflu and Relenza are trend names of two drugs used to treat influenza infections by targeting neuraminidase.
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- While we do have limited numbers of effective antiviral drugs, such as those used to treat HIV and influenza, the primary method of controlling viral disease is by vaccination, which is intended to prevent outbreaks by building immunity to a virus or virus family .
- Some vaccines are in continuous development because certain viruses, such as influenza and HIV, have a high mutation rate compared to other viruses and normal host cells.
- With influenza, mutations in the surface molecules of the virus help the organism evade the protective immunity that may have been obtained in a previous influenza season, making it necessary for individuals to get vaccinated every year.
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- Other commonly isolated bacteria include: Haemophilus influenzae in 20%, Chlamydophila pneumoniae in 13%, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 3% of cases; Staphylococcus aureus; Moraxella catarrhalis; Legionella pneumophila and Gram-negative bacilli.
- Alcoholism is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, anaerobic organisms and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; smoking facilitates the effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Legionella pneumophila.
- Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common.