Hyksos

(noun)

An Asiatic people from West Asia who took over the eastern Nile Delta, ending the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt and initiating the Second Intermediate Period.

Related Terms

  • patrilineal
  • Islamization
  • Abydos Dynasty
  • Second Intermediate Period
  • Baal

(noun)

A people of mixed Semitic and Asian descent who invaded Egypt and settled in the Nile delta c. 1640 BCE. They were driven out of Egypt c. 1532 BCE. 

Related Terms

  • patrilineal
  • Islamization
  • Abydos Dynasty
  • Second Intermediate Period
  • Baal

Examples of Hyksos in the following topics:

  • The Second Intermediate Period

    • It is best known as the period when the Hyksos, who reigned during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties, made their appearance in Egypt.
    • Pharoahs ruled from Memphis until the Hyksos conquered the capital in 1650 BCE.
    • The Hyksos made their first appearance in 1650 BCE and took control of the town of Avaris.
    • This dynasty would eventually lead the war of liberation that drove the Hyksos back into Asia.
    • However, his successors—the final two kings of this dynasty—,Seqenenre Tao and Kamose, defeated the Hyksos through several wars of liberation.
  • Hatshepsut

    • She restored the original Precinct of Mut at Karnak that had been ravaged by the foreign rulers during the Hyksos occupation.
    • The temple has an architrave with a long dedicatory text bearing Hatshepsut's famous denunciation of the Hyksos, who had led Egypt into a cultural decline prior to her rule.
  • Sao

    • One theory of the origin of the Sao states that they descended from the Hyksos, who conquered Ancient Egypt and later moved south, from the Nile valley to mid-Africa, after fleeing invaders.
  • Hatshepsut

    • She had monuments constructed at the Temple of Karnak, and restored the original Precinct of Mut at Karnak that had been ravaged during the Hyksos occupation of Egypt.
  • The New Kingdom

    • This was possibly a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period
  • Architecture of the New Kingdom

    • Hapshepsut helped to restore the original precinct, which had been ravaged during the Hyksos occupation, and had twin obelisks erected at the entrance to the temple; one still stands as the tallest surviving ancient obelisk in the world.
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